Behavioural Economics ECN42260
Assessment 2
Behavioural Economics & Public Policy
Rashi Mittal
16203017
Behavioural Economics is extensively being used to inform and develop policy interventions. Behavioral economics brings insights from psychology and other social sciences into economic models. Behavioural insights are also used for economic models of decision-making. A key feature of behavioural economics is its empirical approach. There is a growing scope of the contribution of behavioural economics to the design and improvement of tax policy. Many behavioural economic ideas have helped develop the traditional economic choice framework, in which people are assumed to make rational, self-interested and consistent choices. But that is not always the case behavioural models suggests often different assumptions which make the predictions of the model align more closely to observed outcomes and which explains the pattern of behavioural not easily
…show more content…
The first is based on behavioural economics and nudging, the second is from cognitive social psychology covering tax perspectives, morals, fairness and the role of social norms and the third is co-determination between government and consumer.
A good example of behavioural economics is the prospect theory in which it is demonstrated that most of the people are risk averse for gains and risk seeking for equivalent losses.
The second insight discusses that taxpayers have positive attitude towards revenue authorities and belief that the government works for the benefit of the individuals then there may be positive relationship between tax-morale and tax compliance. It is very essential that taxpayers feel that the system is trustworthy, fair and just and the money paid by them is utilized in the right manner. There is evidence that tax attitudes improve when the link to public expenditure is
A corporate business enterprise is established under a specific legal framework where laws governing the operations and functioning of the enterprise are outlined. The activities of the enterprise are monitored and therefore such an enterprise is recognized by law. This is important due to the fact that legal suits can be filed by the enterprise within the provisions of the law.
Despite the city’s positive response to the coffee shop’s renovation, other businesses in the area have not followed suit in renovating the many decrepit buildings and abandoned lots. How might the presence of an externality be in part the cause of this?
Understanding behavioral economics will also help in making critical decisions like how much a person need to be saving, how much effort we need to put in our works and where we will choose to live in future.
A government is responsible in maintaining and improving the country’s structural elements, such as economy, military, agriculture, education and so on. In order to fulfill these responsibilities, the government requires a budget, which it acquires through taxation of the population. In the reading “Why I Like to Pay my Taxes”, Neil Brooks insists that taxes are a good thing, and that they are necessary for society to function, and beneficial in all aspects. He also criticises: people that see tax increase as negative, call taxation a great burden and a restriction of freedom. Neil Brooks shows bias by displaying only the pros of taxation. It is fair to say that arguments with regards to the pros and cons of taxation are a very grey area. The
The first principle in individual decision-making is facing a trade-off. In order for individuals to accomplish their goals or to obtain something they desire, there is usually something that must be given up or traded to accomplish that. In Chapter 1 Principles of Economics, efficiency vs. equity is discussed which helps further explain this principle. Society is always desiring to
Behavioural economics is the study of the effects that psychology has on the decision making of the economy. This tends to be the way that people think and feel when they are spending money on a certain good or service. The great economist Adam Smith was the first follower of this idea through his book “The theory of moral sentiments” which dates back to 1759. However, it took over 100 years to get a more clarified meaning of how big of a role the psychology of a buyer plays in economics. In behavioural economics there are seven basic principles which all contribute to the decision making process. Behavioural economics can explain how people will react to different situations such as times when there are no economic problems and times when
In the article entitled “You Can’t Sugarcoat the Facts: Taxes Influence Behavior,” Dr. J.D. Foster (2015)—Deputy Chief Economist at the United States (U.S.) Chamber of Commerce—avows that there is a communal consensus amongst economists and quasi-economists alike that taxes sway human behavior. As C. Eugene Steuerle (2008) asserts within the contents of his book entitled Contemporary U.S. Tax
In any liberal democratic nation, the role of the government is an integral component in the way that society functions. When electing a government that will ultimately represent the country’s citizens and make knowledgeable decisions on their behalf, a number of crucial factors must be considered; amongst innumerable other pressing societal issues, the largest lens is always focused on the monetary side of the equation: the economy. One of the most prevalent, tenacious debates at the time of any election surrounds the issue of taxation rates on citizens. The initial, sensible reaction is often to favour lower taxes, as this allows the working class to retain a much larger percentage of their salary and keep the money they’ve earned. However,
Theories explaining tax compliance evolved from describing compliance as a function of economic utility based on rational choice, to attributing compliance behavior to taxpayers’ psychological and behavioral attributes (Allingham & Sandmo, 1972; Lubian & Zarri, 2011; Mohdali, & Pope, 2014). However, economic theories are inconsistent with taxpayer behavior, while psychological and behavioral attributes are so heterogeneous as to defy formation into an amalgamated theory of compliance behavior (Alm & Torgler, 2011; Molero & Pujol, 2012). There must be another
The topic I have chosen to write this research paper over is the rational choice theory. The rational choice theory started with the work of Cesare Beccaria in the late eighteenth century. From that point forward, the theory has been developed and opened up to incorporate different viewpoints, like discouragement and routine activity theory. The rational choice theory is a monetary rule that expresses that people dependably settle on reasonable and legitimate choices. These choices furnish individuals with the best advantage or fulfillment, given the decisions accessible and are likewise in their most elevated self-interest.
This assignment has a maximum total of 100 marks and is worth 10% of your total grade for this course. You should complete it after completing your course work for Units 1 through 5. Answer each question clearly and concisely.
5) One paragraph applying a behavioral theoretical framework to development. Discuss issues such as conditioning, reinforcement, punishment, lifestyle and habits.
I’ve summed up the introduction of Taxation to these slight words. Taxation is defined as a way that the government able to generate or collect revenue from the citizen of one’s nation through different sources. As what I’ve learned from Taxation course that there are two types of taxation, direct which are paid by the taxpayer directly to the government, and indirect which are collected by an intermediary (like a retail store) from the consumer. The intermediary who will file the tax return later and forward the amount of the money to the government with the return. This tax is applicable to organizations and individuals. In this reflection, I would like to highlight what I learned of business and individual taxation, the experience on working with a group for the project and what challenges I faced and how I was able to get past.