Marisa Caputo
Cjus290-1601b-02
IP Unit 1
2/22/2016
The U.S federal government is made up of three branches, Executive, legislative, and judicial.
The President of the United States is in charge of the executive branch, his role is to enforce the laws that Congress makes. He is Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and, choses the persons to be in charge of federal agencies like the Cabinet, Department of Defense, and the Social Security Administration. The Vice President is also a part of the executive branch, and is on standby should something happen to the President. The Executive Branch employs more than 4 million Americans.
The Legislative Branch is, or otherwise known as Congress. There are two parts of congress, the Senate and the
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In the United States, the Constitution grants certain powers to both the U.S government and State government. By Robert Longley US Government Expert
The criminal justice system is made up of the following role
Law enforcement
Criminal courts
Civil courts
Corrections
Law enforcements role is, but not limited to, preventing crime, writing reports, keeping people safe, investigating, patrolling, and attending court.
Civil Courts Criminal Courts
In a civil suit, one party (the plaintiff) who feels they were harmed brings a complaint against another party (the defendant). Sometimes the government is one of the parties. The government (the plaintiff) brings suit against (prosecutes) a person who they believe has broken the law (the defendant).
Reasonable doubt is not required. A "preponderance of evidence" is enough in most cases. The guilt of the defendant must be proven beyond a reasonable doubt.
The plaintiff can either ask for monetary relief, or equitable relief
• Monetary relief is when the plaintiff asks for a cash award to remedy the
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If the defendant is convicted, he or she may have to serve time in jail or pay a fine. http://www.civilrights.org/judiciary/courts/difference-civil-criminal-courts.html The role of the correctional system is to make sure that an offender’s sentence is carried out, whether it’s time in jail, prison, or probation. The four goals of corrections are: retribution, deterrence, incapacitation, and rehabilitation. Each state’s corrections is responsible for deciding which policies and methods will be used to reach these goals for all offenders.
The Federal Court System The State Court System
Article III of the Constitution invests the judicial power of the United States in the federal court system. Article III, Section 1 specifically creates the U.S. Supreme Court and gives Congress the authority to create the lower federal courts. The Constitution and laws of each state establish the state courts. A court of last resort, often known as a Supreme Court, is usually the highest court. Some states also have an intermediate Court of Appeals. Below these appeals courts are the state trial courts. Some are referred to as Circuit or District
Imprisonment as a last resort; that is the usual punishment should be a fine or community service, since imprisonment normally has detrimental effects;
The United States government operates under a federalist system meaning that there are two or more governments who share the same power over one geographic region. In this case it would be the state and federal governments. The 10th amendment of the U.S. Constitution summarizes the idea of federalism, stating that “The powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people” (U.S. Constitution). This means that the federal government, whose jurisdiction is very limited, has jurisdiction over some thing while the state government has jurisdiction over
* Filing a Complaint - In civil proceedings the complaint is the official engagement of the plaintiff with the defense regarding the proposed "injustice" caused by the defense. This is a formal document submitted by the plaintiff to the court having jurisdiction over the complaint.
29. i) Litigation is when people go to court in order to get a positive ruling for their cause. Interest groups use this technique to force lawmakers to change or add fair
governments, and it aimed to overturn Plessy. The case was a combination of five different
In the story “Harrison Bergeron” set in the year 2081 , the government is the higher power that keeps order and maintains equality for its citizens. Anything or one who poses as a threat to that order
The federal system divides power between the national and state governments and gives them power to share. The powers given the national government are from the Constitution in Article I, Section 8 and the powers given to the state government are called reserved powers that are powers from the Tenth Amendment. The national and state government have concurrent powers that are powers that they share. There is also power that is given to each of the three branches of government which are the legislative, judicial and executive branch, which is called the separation of powers. The powers granted in the separation of powers and in federalism are stated or
The state intermediate courts hear appeals from the trial court (Goldman and Cheeseman 10). These courts review the record from the trial court to determine errors that can ultimately modify or reverse the decision in a case. The highest state courts (commonly known as
It says in the constitution that the “judicial power of the United States shall be vested in
State court systems deal with issues of law relating to those matters that the U.S. Constitution did not give to the federal government such as most matters concerning the regulation of the family such as a marriages, divorces, adoptions; probate courts handle wills and estates. State courts also handle contract cases and tort cases such as personal injuries. State courts are the final arbiters of state laws and constitutions.
In legal terms, a government is a set of laws and regulations exerted on a group of individuals. Such an abstract concept, however, would be ineffective without citizens that enforce the established mandates of the government. Thus, the
The State governments mostly have powers that can affect within their state, meaning their powers mostly affect their state. For instance, one of their powers are to regulate trade, but only within their state, again regulating trade is just making laws so that trading laws aren't unfair if they are. Furthermore, they also have the power to conduct elections (Chapter 4, The Constitution, pg. 222). To add on, they are allowed to form voting events to elect a president, like how our states had an election on who should be president and our states voted for Trump. Now our new president is Trump, States are allowed to form these events so that we do have a president. Another power that State governments have is the power to establish public school systems. In other words, they make the main layout of how public schools should work. The last power that State governments have is establishing local government
Each state prosecutes crimes committed against the state or society as a whole. Each state court must adhere to guidelines set forth by the federal government. Crimes against a state are held to a higher standard and must prove a party is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. Whereas crimes against an individual are civil cases, generally do not result in jail time and have a lower burden of proof.
Executive power is vested in the office of the President of the United States. The President has the dual role of being the chief of state and the head of government. The President is also commander in chief of the armed forces. He issues executive orders, and appoints Supreme Court justices (with senate approval). The president is also called "the chief legislator" because he indirectly proposes many bills, considers all bills from Congress and signs them into law or vetoes them.
Public interest litigation is the worldwide phenomena adopted by various countries of the world with the object of providing justice to all specially to those who are downtrodden, weak, poor, illiterate unable to approach the court for the enforcement of their rights by themselves. In public interest litigation the rule of locus standi has been relaxed considerably to provide access of justice to all the people despite of their vulnerable conditions, whereby any public spirited person or any organization can come forward in Court of law for the protection of the rights of such people. Since public interest litigation emerged as an advocacy strategy in the US civil rights movement, it has spread to other parts of the world. To varying degrees,