Female Genital Motimilation Research

In the story written by Frances A. Althaus’s “Female Circumcision: Rite of Passage or Violation of Rights? She explores female circumcision within African Culture and the health complications after the ritual is completed. Female circumcision is the practice of partial or total removal of the female external vaginal area and is still practiced in several countries today , dut was ruled as illegal in America in 1997. Females did not have the option to chose if they wanted to have the procedure performed, mothers often made that decision for them. The practice is to transition a girl into womanhood and to ensure that virginity is not lost before marriage, prevention of infidelity and

For class today, we read two brief articles on genital mutilation. In class, we also watched V-Day: Until the Violence Stops. Female genital mutilation is the removal of some or all of the external female genitalia. It is performed with a blade with or without anesthesia. I have been aware of the idea of male circumcision before, but I had honestly never thought about female circumcision before the reading. It shocked me to learn that certain cultures did not want women to have sexual desires. As a teenager growing up I did not know enough about my own body, I could only imagine what it was like to not understand your own body and not understand why your community would want you to have a FGM procedure done. Leyla Hussein explained that she

This research is limited only to the ethical issues of Female Genital Mutilation(FGM). Ethical issues about other kinds/types of mutilation like the tattoos or markings, surgeries, transplants and piercings are not furthermore discussed, explained, and identified in this research.

The first news publication that we will be analyzing is an article titled “Anatomy of Female Genital Mutilation” written by Michelle Roberts (2014) of BBC News. This article begins to inform the readers about what female genital mutilation is exactly. According to Roberts (2014) female genital mutilation is defined as, “any procedure that harms the female genital organs for non-medical purposes”. The article continues to inform its readers that among the stages of female genital mutilation, the most severe one includes when a woman’s clitoris is removed, then her genitals are stitched together so that the female does not have or enjoy sex. As girls, grow up to bear children, during labor and delivery, she is again unstitched

Cindy Little, the writer of “Female Genital Circumcision: Medical and Cultural Considerations” and several other articles on the topic, concentrates her writing on the procedure’s process and side effects, while briefly touching on ethical issues and cultural issues. Little, a PhD, MSN, and BSN in Nursing, currently works as the Assistant Clinical Professor at Drexel University, a U.S. News top fifty nursing school. Little specializes in Women’s Health developing courses for undergraduates in obstetrics, pediatrics, and women's health. In the United States, medical personnel are held in high regard in terms of medical ethics. Little concentrates her research on medical information, for example, “The American Medical Association also condemns the practice of [Female Genital Mutilation] and supports the enactment of legislation to criminalize the practice” (Little 30). By keeping clear focus, Little and other medical authors on the topic of female circumcision enhance their credibility by speaking on the health impacts of the procedure rather than the emotional impacts. As references, Little uses sources such as the World Health Organization, an international organization that concerns itself with the physical, social, and mental health of all beings. The use of reliable sources strengthens her argument against the fatal nature of female circumcision and its detriment to human

Female Genital Mutilation, is a topic which has caused many controversies worldwide. Female Genital Mutilation is a tradition since antiquity, which occurs in twenty eight countries in Africa, and among certain communities in the Middle East, and Asia. The latitude of this issue is massive. The United Nations estimates that this practice has been performed on about 140 million females, who encounter immediate complications of shock, infections, damage to the urethra, scar formation, tetanus, bladder infections, HIV, along with long -term complications that lead to death (Lauren V, 2011). It is estimated that 3 million girls are at risk annually! During this paper, I will discuss in depth the two ethical theories (Deontology and Utilitarianism). These ethical theories will be a guide, to help understand the moral issues of Female Mutilation, and whether one can view female mutilation to be right or wrong. Aside from the ethical theories, I

In Cultural Diversity around the world “Female Circumcision” is a global violence against women. According to Essential of Sociology text book “female circumcision surgery occurs seven to ten days after birth, but in others it is not performed by girls reach adolescence. Among most groups, it takes place between the ages of 4 and 8” (285). The textbook also stated about 140 million females have been circumcised in worldwide. This practice obtains on diverse shapes in different cultures. These methods would carry clinched alongside the majority condition without any structure of modern medical technology. There are women who demand that the culture continue. Others claim it is a structure from claiming custom torment to reduce female

Female genital mutilation is considered intentionally alter or cause injuring the female genital organs. When females get their genitals remove they lack the professional help of a doctor or hospital. When females go through this procedure they normally bleed a lot and sometimes get infections. When females get this procedure done they can also lead to infertility issues which can cause women to have complication when given child birth and have a high rate in newborn death. There are over 20 countries in Africa and eastern where female genital mutilation is happening. There are more than 125 million girls who are affected in these children. Females who experience this are between the age of infancy and 15 years of age. Female genital mutilation

In the article “No to Female Genital Mutilation” by Roland Angerer, “One such belief is that a girl’s sexuality needs to be controlled. This demonstrates the underlying gender injustice of the practice: girls and women are not autonomous, someone else has to control them – mostly fathers and husbands.” This suggests that they believe the opinions of girls and women are not considered, and they are believed to have no control over themselves. According to the CNN video ‘FGM Survivor: Fundamentally, it is ‘child abuse’’, “They do not even scream, because if they do, their age mates in school will despise them.” This shows that they are forced to keep this unbearable pain they are feeling to themselves. They must not show that they are scared about this process and they should be able to show how strong they are by keeping the pain to themselves. Although there are more social and cultural reasons to justify FGM, two of those have been

Female genital mutilation has long existed in many parts of the world. Mainstream media have attracted the attention of the general population in one way or the other, by presenting information regarding female genital mutilation. In this collaboratively written casebook, we aim to discuss female genital mutilation in depth, comparing and contrasting mainstream media sources as well as authoritative sources to examine if the information presented in these sources are fact or fiction.

According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), who term the practice female genital mutilation (for the purposes of readability, I will refer to the act as FGM throughout this paper), it involves ‘all procedures that involve partial or total removal of the external female genitalia, or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons’ (World Health Organisation 2014). FGM is culturally significant to communities in many sub-Saharan and North African nations, as well as parts of the Middle East. As of 2013, 33 countries had a legal framework in place to ban or restrict FGM occurring in their populaces, including the Crimes (Female Genital Mutilation) Act 1996 Vic. It is reported that over 125 million women worldwide have had some form of FGM conducted (UNICEF

Imagine being, forced down and having a sacred body part cut off, without any anesthetics or hope for any health benefit just because a cultural belief permits it. This is the nonconsensual fate of innocent women worldwide that are victims of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). FGM, often referred to as female circumcision, is where the woman's outer gential parts are partially or completely cut off and the vaginal opening is then sewned together. FGM is an international issue as a violation of the female body and their rights. By promoting awareness of this wrong and immoral ongoing current issue, actions can be taken to help prevent any further damage.

It was up until the 1950s when female genital mutilation was performed in the United States and England as a cure for lesbianism, hysteria, masturbation, and other female deviance (Ali et al., 2011, p 1). Traditionally men hold a majority of the power and are the primary providers, so it is also in the realm of possibilities that they also hold the power to decide if and when the females in their family undergo the procedure. Female genital mutilation is passed down from generation to generation, it is seen as an essential experience in a woman’s life, and they pass it onto their children. For if the woman does not partake in the procedure, it can alter the lives of her family, father, and her future self. Their women who try to stand up for their sexual health and wellbeing voices are muffled due to their weak status they do not have a loud enough voice to combat the men’s opinion (Knipscheer,

Imagine this! Being either a young girl or a woman forcefully bound against your will while elders perform a procedure called Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). The young girls and women who are forced to have this procedure done not only loses their rights to sexual pleasure but their rights are sliced, chopped, punctured, and finally burnt away. Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) otherwise known as Female Genital Circumcision (FGC) is also a controversial topic in Western societies. This paper will examine the history of Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), hegemonic perspective on Female Genital Mutilation (FGM), health consequences of having this procedure done, how Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) affects women’s sexual function, and women who

Human rights activists make the argument that female genital mutilation is a clear violation of girls and women’s rights according to multiple