As with any criminal whether being released from their first offense or being a veteran to the system, each runs the risk of becoming repeat offender with a new crime they have never committed or going back to their comfort zone crime. Regarding female sex offenders they also run the risk of becoming repeat offender to a sex crime or a non-related sex crime. Female offenders with higher number of victims or higher amounts of non-relating crimes are in risk of recidivism at a higher rate. According to Witt & Pirelli (2016) several risk factors for sex offending to consider with female sexual offenders are as follow:
• Prior felony offenses
• Prior drug offenses
• Prior non-sexual child victim offenses
Also, female sex offenders’ recidivism rate is much lower for all types of crime than compare with male sex offenders, with a low rate between 1 % to 1.28% for a sexual crime. (p. 40) Taking into consideration that female sex offenders frequently don’t become repeat criminal offenders as much as male offenders, is it fair to speculate that punishment for female sex offenders is lenient.
This speculation is possibly due since female sex offenders are viewed as nurturers or law enforcement/courts don’t place as much importance. According to Sandler & Freeman (2011), one theory
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According to Hasset-Walker & Lateano, “gender bias present in some U.S laws defining rape as a crime committed by a man against a woman or noting that while a female be found of guilty of rape is she assist a male in committing the crime, she cannot commit a rape individually.” (p. 65) With the lack of research studies along with criminal case studies geared towards female sex offenders, mostly sex crime laws tend to be establish for a male
Most of the time, men try to justify female offenders just because they are women. One thing that should never be assumed is that everyone behaves like they do because of outside influences. Sometimes people are perfectly healthy (mentally, emotionally, and physically), but they simply make bad choices. In the end, chivalry is used to ‘protect’ those women; in other words, chivalry tends to be used to justify their actions by presenting them as victims. In most occasions, women use this stereotyping to their advantage because they know that if they do their sentencing will more likely be reduced.
About 43.9% of sex offenders identified both male and female perpetrators as opposed to 9.6% of nonsexual offenders. These individuals were exposed to more severe forms of victimization with a longer duration. Sex offenders endured an average of 5.6 years of abuse while nonsexual offenders experienced 3.9 years. Through the use of logistic regression analyses, Burton, Miller, and Shill (2002) concluded that method of operation and gender of abuser accurately predicts whether an individual will sexually offend. The analysis correctly predicted and placed 78.3% of the sex-offending males into their correct groups.
Women offenders are different from male offenders in many ways. Whether it be from the way women develop differently in the psychological aspect, or the services that are available specifically for them. Female offenders are more likely to be convicted of a drug or drug related crime, they are more likely to have a past with significant substance abuse, have a childhood or recent adult life that was abusive both physically and sexually, and female offenders are more likely to participate in group therapy because they are trying to gain the connectedness and sense of belong that they crave for in their life. Although there is significant proof showing that female offenders have problems that need treatment while incarcerated before going
This is an issue I could prove and disprove. Women commit less crime on the whole. A first time offender, dependent on their crime, should receive a lesser sentence than someone who repeatedly reoffends. The crime in which a woman commits tends to be much less serious or severe as the crimes men commit –this will explain the difference in sentencing. However, as chair of the justice committee I’m completely aware woman are committing more similar crimes to men, now, more so than ever. I do believe if the crime is the same then the punishment should be, however a lot of factors come into play with this issue. The factor of chivalry, the success of the guilty party’s lawyer and the motives behind the crime. These issues all change a person’s punishment –it may be these issues more than gender.
Sex offender registry laws were intended to increase public safety and to reduce the reoffending rates of sexual offenders. However, this paper will argue that registration has no effect on recidivism rates and that the law actually negatively impacts rehabilitative goals because of the unforeseen issues stemming from registration. An analysis of the existing body of literature concerning registration from the United States will address the
A more recent study, published in the same journal, by Looman et al in 2000 suggests the opposite. Of the released sex offenders they studied they found a 23.6 percent recidivism rate for those treated while a 51.7 percent rate for the untreated group. They also conducted an analysis separately on the outcome for men who had previous sexual convictions. Those with no previous sexual offense convictions had a 20.9 percent recidivism rate of the treated men compared to 42.9 percent of the untreated men. Of
The number of registered sex offenders have increasingly grew over the years. Every day you see a man or women added to the registry for crimes against women and mostly children. The sex offender registries biggest and main focus is to keep the people in the community in each city and state informed and protected. ”Sex offenders and sex crimes provoke a great deal of anxiety in our society.” Baker, J, Brannon, Y, N., Fortney. , Levenson, J.S. (“Public Perceptions about Sex Offenders and Community Protection”). The sex offender registry is based solely on protecting the public from being a victim
The acceptance that the court system often treats female offenders differently than male offenders is an accurate statement; however, it comes with many caveats. Generally, the public views women as nurturers, motherly and incapable of
In viewing the information contained in the aforementioned articles, one can immediately understand the underlying reasons that women are committing more crimes than men. Through the mid-1990s, the arrest rates of both genders has increased steadily, with the male rate far exceeding that of females (Gross, 2009, pp. 84). However, in recent years, a shift has been seen, with the numbers of female offenders rising significantly, especially at the juvenile level, which significantly raises the likelihood of re-offending later in life. As such, an understanding of the differences between the sexes in terms of the reasoning behind their offenses has long been researched.
“The Indiana Department of Correction (IDOC) defines recidivism as a return to incarceration within three years of the offender’s date of release from a state correctional institution.” (Schelle, 2012) The 2011 recidivism rate for all juvenile offenders was 36.7%. The recidivism rate for African American juvenile offenders was 43.8%. Eighty-two percent of the juveniles who recidivated did so with a new crime, and the other 18% returned because of technical violations. “Of all juveniles released in 2008, 40.9% of males returned to IDOC, while only 15.8% of females returned,” (Schelle, 2012). Surprisingly, juvenile sex offenders had the lowest recidivism rate at 13.6%. (Schelle, 2012)
When someone commits a crime, we expect them to receive punishment and for the victims to receive justice. That is not always the case with female sex abusers, who are ignored or disregarded. John L. Smith reports in his Las Vegas Newspaper article, Justice doesn 't always cut through gender bias, sexuality, the case of two former teachers; Mary Kay LeTourneau and Jack David Patton. LeTourneau was a grade school teacher, until she was exposed for being involved in a sexual relationship with her 13-year-old student. In a similar situation, Patton, also a former teacher. He was sexually involved with two of his high school students. LeTourneau faced a sentence up to seven years for her crime, while Patton faced up to 65 years. Was LeTourneau just a mentally ill woman who longed for love or simply a perverse abuser, who violated the trust she held? Should she have served a longer sentence for a crime with a younger student? I believe that women should be tried just as harsh as men for sexual abuse crimes in the court system. Women are just as dangerous as men, if not more and that victims of sexual abuse suffer terribly from their abuses.
Why are there typologies specific to female sex offenders? Because they women offenders do not withdraw a theoretical structure for the etiology of sexual offending unlike male offenders. The three types are co-offender, the teacher lover and the heterosexual nurturer. Most but if not all sex offenders are in a heterogeneous group and, therefore, will possibly overlap into different
Statistics show that the number of female offenders in the legal system has been increasing steadily. The number of female offenders entering the American justice system is growing at a rate faster than males. Statistics from the United States in 2010 show the female offender population to be increasing by 2.7% each year, compared to the male population at a rate of 1.8% each year, with similar statistics being seen in other Western countries (West & Sabol, 2010). The continued increase has made understanding female offenders and their catalysts for committing crime more imperative.
There have been hundreds to thousands of treatments that have been conducted, some similar and others drastically different. In this paper, I will go over just a few of the more important types of treatments. Brown et al, (2017) demonstrates three types of treatments. Pharmacological treatment, behavioral therapy, and most importantly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT). With pharmacological treatment’s their purpose is to reduce sex drive. The most common types of drugs used are antiandrogen, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists. to go into more detail antiandrogen’s like cyproterone acetate (CPA) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA)
“People are inclined to think that a sex offender is a sex offender – that they commit one type of crime (Okada.p.190).”