Female Wild Phereotypes : Phenotype, And Humanity

From the data we can conclude that different traits or parameters can effect a population in many different ways. It can decrease or increase a population depending on the trait. After a hurricane hits Lake Malawi the cichlid fish male population must adapt to the new factors that have been put upon them. Mutation within the population supports the fact that it can cause dominant and recessive allele frequency to decrease. Migration causes the allele frequency to lower as well due to movement of the population after the hurricane. The cichlid male fish with a higher fitness are more suitable for their environment, but when their fitness is lowered, their allele frequency decreases. This

The results of the allele frequency changes in the five different trials are all in close range of one another. The trials 1 and 5 being the same at .85 and were the highest, trial 4 was the lowest at .70, and the two middle results were trial 2 at .75 and trial 3 at .80. In a population size of 1000, the difference in the green and albino alligator’s pigments will inevitably affect the fitness. The green alligator is the dominant big “A” allele, while the

86% of the F1 generation had to be killed due to the selection against them. These plants had ten or less trichomes. 14% of this population contained more than ten trichomes and were allowed to cross-pollinate to create an F2 generation. This population resulted in a larger percentile of hairy plants. It went from 14% to 40%. Only 60% f this population were bald. These results proved Darwin's Theory of Natural Selection which is significant because it allowed us to test his theory using artificial selection. Darwin's theory was present among populations whose heritable traits were passed on through generations and the traits that were not useful to the species would slowly fade out due to this theory. In the case of this experiment the plants with ten or more trichomes were more suited

Drosophila melanogaster is a small, common fly found near unripe and rotted fruit. It has been in use for over a century to study genetics. Thomas Hunt Morgan was the best biologist studying Drosophila early in the 1900’s. Morgan was the first to discover sex-linkage and genetic recombination, which placed the small fly in the forefront of genetic research. Scientists have used Drosophila for many reasons. For one they are very easy to maintain, breed, anesthetize, and kill with little equipment. They are also very small and it is easy to distinguish males vs females and sexually mature flies and virgins. At lastly, the flies have a very short two week life span. On days 2-7 of their life

To set up this experiment, two twenty-five gallon aquariums, 3 petri-dishes, 200 flies, rotten bananas, and yeast were used. The bananas chosen to be an accelerant for the growth of the yeast and were frozen so they would be easier to cut. The yeast was used because the drosophila melanogaster prefer this as a food source.  The vestigial and wild type flies were sexed (to determine their sex), sorted, and counted.  An initial population size of 100 total flies was decided so that it would be easier to determine the phenotypic percentage of the total population. Fly paper was placed in one of the sets of cages to impose a method of natural selection as well as the sexual selection which is being solely tested by the other set of cages.

It would be expected that the mutant F1 flies would be heterozygous for the allele responsible for the grounded trait. If two F1 flies were mated, the percentage of flies that would be expected to be wildtype in the F2 generation would be 25% mutants given that the mutant allele (ap) is predicted to be recessive and, leaving 75% to be wildtype (ap+).

This lab had 2 exercises. Exercise 9.1 involved observing pictures of 60 F2 offspring and recording the phenotypes for 6 different traits. Exercise 9.2 required us to perform the “chi-square test” to determine whether the data we collected matches the standard Mendelian ratio.

Heterozygotes, which have the wild type phenotype, have normal sight which gives them the advantage of finding a mate and have a better success with attracting a mate with their courtship song (Kyriacou et al, 1978). The male heterozygous Drosophila had a better advantage at mating than the homozygotes, which were the ebony, and therefore we predict there will be more wild type by the end of the experiment.

we said goodbye and placed them in the fly morgue. We allowed the F2 larval

“If no such variations exist, the population rapidly goes extinct because it cannot adapt to a changing environment” (O’Neil, 1998-2013). Scientists call this reproductive success. “Within a specific environment context, one genotype will be better than another genotype in survival or reproduction for certain reasons having to do with the way its particular features relate to the environment or relate to other organisms within the population” (Futuyma, 2000-2014). The theory of evolution is explicable through various kinds of scientific research.

In this experiment, the fruit flies will be used to see evolution

We later conducted a Chi-square. Using the method above to obtain F1 and F2 generation we performed a di-hybrid cross and reciprocal cross. The di-hybrid cross involved the male and female sepia and the dumpy drosophila. The reciprocal cross involved white-eyed fly(male) and wild-type phenotype fly (female). We finally used the data that we obtained to conduct a Chi-square

In order to test the null hypothesis, we must calculate the chi square (χ²) values and the degrees of freedom that are based on the numbers of each fly phenotype (including gender) we observed and what we expected. By using the ratio to calculate the number of each phenotype we

For our first generation (F1) of flies we chose to cross apterous (+) females and white-eye (w) males. We predicted that the mutation would be sex linked recessive. So if the female was the sex with the mutation then all females would be wild type heterozygous. Heterozygous is a term used when the two genes for a trait are opposite. The males would all be white eye since they only have one X chromosome. If the males were the sex that had the mutation then all the flies would be wild type but the females would be heterozygous.

For the purpose of this experiment, I propose that if a population experiences forces such as genetic drift, selection, and non-random mating combined, then the fittest allele will express dominance, leading to elimination of alternative alleles, and an extreme decrease in population size. Each scenario was run through the Koi Fish pond simulation and then finally all run together to compare how each force works on their own and then when combined.