Feminist Research Proposal

Stein, Dan J., Seedat, Soraya, Iversen, Amy, and Wesley, Simona, (2007), Post-traumatic stress disorder: medicine and politics, 369: 139 44

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Reducing the Risk for Intimate Partner Violence amongst Trauma Survivors with PTSD and Depression Disorder Symptoms

In my third article by Lenore Walker discusses Battered Women and the impact caused on them from martial abuse that had led to Battered Women to be diagnosed with PTSD from the level of beatings, and constant abuse they took from their partners over the time of the relationship. Walker discusses five major areas that negatively affected with the women’s coping skills they are manipulation, dissociation, anger, intimacy, and compliance. When she was assessing women of the PTSD like symptoms she had come to notice a few things about the women, that lead to diagnose them with PTSD as the symptoms, as well as what triggered the responses are the same across the board for all those diagnosed with PTSD. She noticed that many of the victims would minimize the trauma or even deny it happened from the very start which is a common coping method that she had pointed out in her article. She also noticed that some of the women would almost go into a sort of trance like state in which they would gaze

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious social issue that affects millions of Americans. IPV describes physical sexual or psychological harm by a current or former partner spouse. Anyone can be a victim of IPV, this type of violence can occur among heterosexual or same-sex couples. However, this paper will focus on IPV faced by women. IPV is an important global public health concern related to physical trauma, mental illness, poor health, suicide and murder.(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). There are many risk factors that cause IPV; one of the predictors of IPV is a person’s socioeconomic status. Socioeconomic status is commonly conceptualized as the social standing or class, an individual’s socioeconomic status is measured as a combination of education, income and occupation. (American Psychology Association).

Felmingham, K. L., & Bryant, R. A. (2012). Gender differences in the maintenance of response to cognitive behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal Of Consulting And Clinical Psychology, 80(2), 196-200. doi:10.1037/a0027156

The Multicultural consideration in a recent sample of inner-city women (approximately two thirds of whom were Black) disclosed almost 25% met criteria for PTSD and that a history of either child abuse or rape in adulthood increased their chances of having PTSD nonetheless of this group, both abuse and rape increased the likelihood of PTSD 17 times (Schumm, Briggs-Phillips, & Hobfoll, 2006). Additional studies of homeless or low-income women were found among African American or

By comparing the overall scores of each questionnaire given, the researchers confirmed their hypothesis. The results of this study showed that PTSD and major depressive disorder was high among the battered women. Additionally, in the scores of those women who with PTSD and depression, learned helplessness was also highly correlated. The PTSD group had higher scores on all of the conditions measured (depression, learned helplessness, severity of abuse and male dominated backgrounds)

Intimate partner violence is a dangerous and frightening issue threatening women worldwide. Intimate partner violence, also known as domestic violence, describes a cycle of abuse that involves either actual or threatened physical, sexual, psychological or emotional violence performed on someone by a spouse, boyfriend or girlfriend, or significant other (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Although it is not often discussed, intimate partner abuse is an incredibly common public health problem. In fact, it is one of the most common forms of violence facing women of all ages, ethnicities, and socioeconomic backgrounds, in which more than four million women in the United States experience abuse from a partner each year (Office on Women’s

Arroyo, K., Lundahl, B., Butters, Rob. Vanderloo, M., & Wood, D.S. (2017). Short-term interventions for survivors of intimate partner violence: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 18(2) 155-171.

The research data released from the Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment revealed that arresting the perpetrator in domestic violence incidents caused a decline in recidivism rates and deterred future events (Pate and Hamilton 1992). Policy makers largely ignored sociological research until feminists, lobbyists, and the threat of litigation pressured state legislatures to contemplate the results released from the Minneapolis experiment (Phillips and Sobol 2010). Enactment of mandatory arrest laws soon followed, however many believed that the passage of such laws was a mistake due to the inability to replicate the results in other jurisdictions. Mandatory arrest laws effectively removed officer discretion when responding to domestic violence

that within “an annual basis, an estimated 1.3 million American women are victims of male perpetrated intimate partner violence. [And] at some point in their abusive relationship, some of these women resort to the use of deadly force.” (Terrance, Plumm, & Kehn, 2013). Before deadly force is used, the abuse that these women, and further, people suffer through is hostile and violent, with an uncertainty of when their partner is going to get violent again. However, not all women report the abuse that they have been victimised; men are less as likely to report it as society does not fully recognise that men can be abused as well; therefore, there is not a lot of research pertaining Battered Person Syndrome to the male gender. Overall, the cycle within the abusive situation can be seen as psychological torture with periods of the “tension-building phase where the perception of danger from the batterer kept escalating at different rates for different people. The battered woman trie[s] to please the man during this period and her behaviour could slow down or speed up movement into the second phase, or the acute battering incident. The second is the shortest part of the cycle but has the highest risk for physical or

The title of this research article is not very expressive. The study population of college-aged women is concise however, the reader may initially experience a difficult time distinguishing the independent variable of dating violence victims, from the dependent variables of associated physical injury, healthcare usage and mental health symptoms. One may easily interpret healthcare usage as an intervention offered in this study, rather than one of the dependent variables. The reader is left to question the relationship between the independent and the dependent variables as the association is not clearly stated. This title does not communicate the research design as it fails to inform the reader that this was a quantitative, correlational design study.

In conclusion, about eighty percent of the women that had been diagnosed with PTSD have co morbid clinical disorders (35% had MDD, 13% pain disorder, 12% specific phobias, and finally 10% had Body Dysmorphic Disorder). Substance abuse was found to not be a frequent diagnosis. Women in the PTSD group score highly in depression symptom severity, LH, total, sexual and verbal violence. The population in the same group that had a lower education level had a high measurement in a male dominant background, abuse during childhood, abuse-related stress, total trauma-related stress, total number of life traumas, number of ER visits and amount of smoking.

because it tests the effectiveness of interpersonal process group therapy that is used quite often

The authors of this article found there were many treatments available for women who have been emotional abused by a spousal, but found that there wasn’t any, “clear empirical support for the efficacy” (Reed & Enright, 2006, p. 920). Many researchers have defined the abuse or established ways