Fenofibrate Lab Report

To begin the separation of the sucrose from the Panacetin, approximately 3 grams of Panacetin was transferred to a 125-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Added to the flask was 50 mL of dichloromethane to dissolve the Panacetin to aid in the separation. A fluted filter paper was used to filter the Panacetin and dichloromethane mixture by gravity using a glass funnel. The remaining filtrate was set aside than transferred to a separatory funnel and the substance on the filter paper was dried and weighed. The filtrate was extracted with 2 increments of 25-mL portions of aqueous 1 M sodium hydroxide. During this step the filtrate in the separatory funnel was shook and vented 3 times.

(Wagenlehner 968). Piperacillin/Tazobactum is the combination of Piperacillin, a broad antimicrobial spectrum drug, and Tazobactum, a beta-lactamase inhibitor. (Burchum 1023). This drug is used to increase the activity against beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. (Burchum 1023). The side effects that may accompany this medication are allergic reactions and bleeding manifestations occurring. (Burchum 1024). Due to the bleeding side effect and the age of the patient, it is important to give the lowest possible dose of 1.2 three times a day via intravenous therapy. (Burchum 1024). Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolones drug that inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, which are needed for cell division and DNA replication. (Burchum 1086). Ciprofloxacin is also active against a broad spectrum of bacteria. (Burchum 1086). Ciprofloxacin can induce a variety of effects including GI reactions such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, and central nervous system effects including dizziness, headache and confusion. (Burchum 1087). In older adults, it poses a significant risk of confusion, somnolence, psychosis and visual disturbances. (Burchum 1087). Ciprofloxacin will be given orally one hour before meals or two hours after with a full glass of water. (Burchum 1091).

Nifedipine is calcium channel blocker widely used clinically, in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders, including hypertension and angina pectoris.1. It has poor aqueous solubility, resulting in variable dissolution rates and often-irregular bioavailability.2 The combination of low aqueous solubility and rapid absorption from the gastrointestinal tract leads to its classification into class II of the Biopharmaceutical Classification System3.

Age plays an important factor when considering prescribing drugs as the very young and the elderly will have difficulty with the metabolism and excretion of drugs. Even the healthiest of the ageing population will have a degree of renal impairment which delays excretion through the kidneys, increasing the duration of action. However when dealing with an acute illness, which are the patients I encounter, a further and rapid reduction in clearance will exacerbate this process. Liver function may also be impaired during acute illness resulting in delayed drug metabolism (Beckworth & Franklin, 2007). Therefore, before any prescribing can take place a diagnosis must be accurately made and underpinned by an understanding of basic pathophysiology eg, a recent review of bloods to assess renal

Please call the Nuclear Medicine department at 206-598-4240 if you have any questions about how certain drugs will affect this test.

They design the drug therapy protocol and indicate the appropriate dosage to use so that patients get the optimal outcome of the medication. Clinical assessments are vital to test the efficiency and the safety of an existing medication specifically through therapeutic drug monitoring. This practice is known to provide effective pharmacologic therapy though producing the maximum benefit of a drug which can remain longer period of time within the patients and have almost no toxicity that could cause harm to patients. This is why therapeutic drug monitoring in the field of pharmacy is essential enough to figure out an effective medication against a disease without any dangerous toxic actions involved to improve patients’ quality of life and hopefully find exceptional cures which is one of the pharmacists’

Thiazolidinedione (TZD) is a PPAR agonist, act as insulin sensitizers and reduce hepatic glucose output, reduce inflammatory cytokines, increase adiponectin levels, and maintain beta cell integrity and function. Pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and troglitazone are currently available TZD. Due to its harmful effect on cardiovascular system, its role in the management of T2DM is in danger. Based on the safety profile, several markets have withdrawn rosiglitazone in compare to pioglitazone, which has shown a beneficial cardiovascular profile [22]. Mainly, combination therapy with insulin and TZD causes heart failure. TZD has also been associated with bone fracture and bladder cancer in a several clinical trials [36].

Information to patient: Indicated for hypertension and angina. Reduce the blood pressure and risk of stroke and heart attack. They are calcium channel blockers which works by widening your blood vessels making it easier for your heart to pump blood around the body and help increase blood and oxygen supply to the heart. Taken once daily with or without food at the same time each day. Swallow the tablet whole with a full glass of water. Taking the tablet at the same time each day will have the best effect. It will also help you remember when to take it. You are currently on 5mg but your doctor might increase this depending on how you respond to the medication. Tell your doctor

PO: (Adults and Children ≥12 yr): 2–4 mg 3–4 times daily (not to exceed 32 mg/day) or 4–8 mg of extended-release tablets twice daily.

All this type of medication have the similar action at the cellular level they inhibit intercellular calcium ion influx.

So, apart from one being drug centered and one being usual, what are the difference between the 2 remedies?

medication s :Pradaxa 150mg BID, Pepcid 20mg BID, Lipitor 20mg QD, iron 325 BID coaaar 25mg QD, Metformin 1000MG BID, Coreg 3.125mg Q12h, Lasix 20mg QD,

The liver is the primary organ for drug metabolism. Any diseases that directly affect on the liver can alter this process. Some alteration can cause a drug to have more bioavailability, which can cause toxic effects. Cirrhosis and obstruction jaundice appear to decrease hepatic metabolism and decrease drug excretion. Another organ function needs to be considered for drug metabolism is thyroid glands. The activity of metabolizing enzymes in decrease with hypothyroidism and increase with hyperthyroidism. Impaired liver functions significantly increase the risks if adverse drug effects. Acute liver impairment interferes with drug metabolism and elimination, while chronic liver impairment affects all aspects if pharmacokinetic. Consequently, dosage should be reduced for drugs that are extensively metabolized by the liver. The practitioner needs to assess the degree of hepatic impairment. Starting therapy with lower doses and monitor liver function

Following IV administration of difloxacin in goats, the disposition kinetic curve declined in a biphasic manner, suggesting that the drug disposition followed a two-compartment open model. This finding is in agreement with previous reports in goats (Atef et al., 2002, Marin et al., 2007a). Difloxacin has good distribution characteristics represented by short distribution half-life (t1/2α = 0.22 h). Similar findings have been reported for other fluoroquinolones as levofloxacin in ducks (0.30 h; Aboubakr and soliman, 2014), marbofloxacin in quails (0.24 h; Aboubakr and Abdelazem, 2015), longer than norfloxacin in goldfish (0.12 h; Aboubakr et al., 2014) and shorter than difloxacin in broiler chicken (0.69 h; Ding et al., 2008).

In regards to CHD and CVD, statins have been noticed to improve overall patient outcomes by well over 40%. Crestor (Rosuvastatin), is a cholesterol treating medication, which cholesterol, being the most common way LDL (Low density Lipoproteins) to develop, subsequently causing CVD, or furthermore, a Myocardial infarction (STEMI) or Cardiac Arrest. Crestor improves the overall lipid profile in those with high cholesterol and high blood pressure, two precursors to causing fatal heart attacks. Crestor acts as a LDL antagonist, and subsequently increases HDL (High Density Lipoproteins) to increase blood flow through coronary artery lumens and increase overall health of the heart. My recommendation after reading this article is to read the label before use and not to be “drug dependent.” In the study, it was also proved that a placebo that was given PO (orally) to patients showed a dramatic change in there cholesterol levels. In other words, people changed a bunch of things because they thought they were getting better ex., exercise, diet, sleep, work. When those factors changed, so did their overall health. Medications should be used to those who “are in need and have went to internal sources and they may not have worked, so have resorted to external sources, ex., statins). In regards to CHD and CVD it is preventable by