Fertile Crescent Research Paper

The Fertile Crescent stretches like a crescent moon from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf, containing Egypt and Mesopotamia. The terms mentioned throughout the essay are different empires and locations. Sumer was the first civilization and is located in the narrowing plain between the lower reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. About 5,000 years ago, Sumerians developed writing, construction of cities, and domestication of animals. The Akkadians took over Sumer around 2350 BCE when Sargon I. became leader and began seizing territories as reward for winning a war. Ancient egypt, laid southwest of the Fertile Crescent alongside the Nile River in Africa. People have lived there since around 5000 BCE and began

The emergence of agriculture was a major stepping stone in human history. During this birth of agriculture, also known as the Neolithic revolution, humans began inhabiting permanent settlements, grow their own crops, and domesticate both plants and animals for food (Weisdorf, 2005). Considering humans have been hunter-gatherers for the majority of their approximately 7 million years of existence, the emergence of agriculture in the Old World only occurring 10,000-5,000 years ago, marks a significant transformation in food sustenance techniques (Weisdorf, 2005). However, this turning point in history is associated with both positive and negative implications. There is much controversy over whether or not the introduction of

The blessing and curse of the Agricultural Revolution is advocated with its augmentation and dissemination. Taking the stipulative definition of “blessing” and “curse” from the original premise, one can only superimpose the layman’s terms of “negative” and “positive”. Upon examination of the two classifications within the Neolithic Period and ancient Mesopotamian civilization one can confirm the premise. Therefore, the agriculture revolution was a blessing and a curse for humanity. Human society began to emerge in the Neolithic Period or the New Stone Age. This new age began around 9,000 B.C.E. by the development of agriculture in the region surrounding the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and what is commonly referred to as “The Fertile

Agricultural Revolution occurred in many different regions of the world, including Fertile Crescent and Mesoamerica. Fertile Crescent, where the revolution first occurred in 9000-7000 B.C.E, was located in present-day Iraq, Syria, Israel, Palestine, and Southern Turkey. Mesoamerica, located in present-day Mexico, had the revolution occurred about 6000 years later since the agriculture started in the Fertile Crescent. Numerous differences between two different regions from different hemispheres show why Fertile Crescent had advantages over Mesoamerica in terms of Agriculture.

Since the beginning of human development humans have been revolving around agriculture. It is known that, “Archaeologists and palaeontologists have traced the origins of farming to around 10,000 years ago” (Mason). This is truly remarkable to believe that the revolution as a whole may pivot on this period so long ago. Once this happened agriculture began popping up all around the ancient world spreading like wildfire. This planting of crops and domestication of animals allowed people to develop specialization because not everyone had to forage anymore. This allowed

People of the Old World had domesticated pigs, horses, sheep, and cattle(1), which had acted as pathogens to infect the Europeans with diseases. In addition, diseases were constantly circulated with centuries of war, exploration, and city building. During the process of natural selection, disease-intolerant

There is approximately a fifteen to twenty five percent chance of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the extended family of someone who has Crohn 's. However in this situation, ulcerative colitis would be less likely than Crohn 's. The risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease occurring if both of a child 's parents having an IBD begins at least around fifty percent. According to Mayoclinic.org, open quote "As many as 1 in 5 people with Crohn 's disease has a family member with the disease" closed quote. Crohn 's Disease is most commonly found in advanced areas like in Scandinavia, North America, the United Kingdom and Western Europe. Crohn 's Disease affects Ashkenazi Jews and Caucasians more than any other racial groups. Another reason that supports the theory of genetics being a cause of Crohn 's can also be found on page eleven in the same book as the book in the first reason. On page eleven it is written: open quote "While little has been accomplished so far in ulcerative colitis, mutations in a gene known as NOD2, located on chromosome 16, have been shown to predispose some people to Crohn 's in the Ileum, especially the form of the disease that causes a lot of scarring and narrowing" closed quote. In other words, there has been mutations in a gene found on chromosome sixteen that have been proved to cause some people to get Crohn 's in the Ileum (which

Most diseases begin with what is called "the virgin field"—a scenario in which humans have no natural or man-made immunity to the disease. To see the progress of a disease in a particular community, start by predicting how many sick days will be reported when you run the Kold disease through a medium-sized population, and record your prediction in the data table. In this first run-through, we'll assume that the population does not move around the field; they interact with their neighbors, but do not travel long distances.

After 11,000 B.C., technology in the Fertile Crescent developed immensely. Inventions including flint blades for harvesting, baskets and containers for collecting crops, and underground storage pits made it possible for food production to occur. “These cumulative developments constituted the unconscious first steps of plant domestication” (Diamond 111). Utilizing the further geographical advantage of rich soil, people of the Fertile Crescent leapt into the world of food production. Food production, in turn, yielded large food surpluses stored in baskets, allowing the society to move toward a sedentary lifestyle and a more organized, specialized community. Simple agricultural tool advancements led to a

To this extent is Diamond successful in supporting his thesis. In the book, multiple chapters can help support Diamond’s thesis. However, his strongest chapters out of the others to support his thesis the most was Chapter Eight, Apples or Indians, Ten, Spacious Skies and Tilted Axis, Eleven, Lethal Gift of Livestock and Chapter Thirteen, Necessity’s Mother. In Chapter Eight it compares The Fertile Crescent located in Europe in other agricultural regions. The Fertile Crescent is the site of the earliest food production and animal domestication with many advantages over other regions. The climate is ideal for the crops in the fertile Crescent because it is wet in the winter and dry in the summer. Fertile Crescent contains the eight “founder crops” which founder food production. These crops are very useful to the Europeans because they are very productive and abundant and can be cultivated immediately because they don't need to go through many changes. Many of the crops in the Fertile Crescent were self

It is possible that a social hierarchy was created when such densely packed communities were created, as now human interaction became all the more important, as the relationships between neighbors, and social groups would most likely create tension in the situation. It was also during the time of the Early neolithic in which the first clues of plant domestication began to appear. Though it was the Pre-Pottery Neolithic B period in which domesticated crops including wheat, barley, lentil, peas, and legumes were found. These domesticated grains showed an increase in size and durability . Animal domestication was quick to follow, as Sheep were found to be domesticated in Turkey, Iraw, and Iran, while the reduction in size of the animals, and the discovery of the animals outside their habitat became common finds. Finally, it was during the Late Neolithic period in which a reduction in the number of large villages across the Middle East began. We can see the shift toward a way of life focused on the grazing of domesticated animals, as villages began to shrink, and the population became once again scattered across the land. It was also during this period in which a decline in the role of hunting for subsistence became apparant, as well as Late Neolithic societies reliance on plants that were domesticated during the Early Neolithic periods. We can see from this that the origin of agriculture in Europe came from the usage of Middle Eastern

Humans stopped moving and depended on a settled way of living. This settlement could not have taken place without an abundant water source and supply. . If you were to research this question further, you would then find that human civilization might have occurred in many different places simultaneously. This is because a small number of different river valleys existed in the Eastern Hemisphere. Among these different water sources was a very unique piece of land that is called today the Fertile Crescent. It was one of the first areas of human civilization because of its position next to water sources and the people’s ability to maneuver and manage their resources around them to control that water. The Fertile Crescent is considered by many to be the first area of a civilized society. “With hindsight, it is described as the first great transformation in human society. For almost 99% of our existence, humans have made their living by collecting wild plant foods, by fishing, and

The Hemochromatosis mutation occurs in 25-33% of people of Western European descent. However, only 0.5% (1 in 200) people of Western European ancestry actually has developed the disease. This makes the disease have a very low penetrance level, meaning that for all of the people with the mutation; only very few actually develop the disease. It is believed that the disease was originally evolved by populations living in harsh environments to offset iron deficiencies that were caused by highly iron-deficient diets. Viking populations were the first to develop the disease and spread it around Northern

Although only a few Paleolithic societies started to use agriculture rather than hunting/gathering, it lead to a huge shift in society, economy, and technology. Man was able to start raising large herds of sheep and goats, and crops such as wheat and barley. As more nomadic bands started to settle down with agriculture rather than continuing hunting and gathering, an economic system was created. Although most of the societies were self-sustaining, trading emerged with objects like stones and shells. The Fertile Crescent, an area of land in Mesopotamia led to the development of this systematic agriculture due to the plentiful amount of natural resources in the

The mechanism of celiac disease is complex, hence there are multiple ways of diagnosing this autoimmune disease. Since