1. [DCF Valuation and Ownership Concepts] The venture investors and founders of ACE Products, a closely held corporation, are contemplating merging the successful venture into a much larger diversified firm that operates in the same industry. ACE estimates its free cash flows that will be available to the enterprise next year at $5,200,000. Since the venture is now in its maturity stage, ACE’s free cash flows are expected to continue to grow at a 6 percent annual compound growth rate in the future. A weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for the venture is estimated at 15 percent. Interest-bearing debt owed by ACE is $17.5 million. In addition, the venture has surplus cash of $4 million. ACE currently has five million shares outstanding, …show more content…
What was the compound annual rate of return on the first-round investment? Venture investors made a second-round investment of 1.5 million shares at $3 per share two years ago. Calculate their compound rate of return on this investment.
IRR: Compound rate of return that equates the present value of the cash inflows received with the initial investments
ACE currently has five million shares outstanding, with three million held by venture investors and two million held by founders. The venture investors have an average investment of $2.50 per share while the founders’ average investment is $.50 per share.
Founders Valuation for 5 years:
Present Value: Founder’s cost per share $0.50 x 2,000,000 shares = .50 x 2,000,000 = $1,000,000
Pre calculated Future Value = $17,711,111
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR):
FV $17,711,111 / PV 1,000,000 = 17.711111 1 / year 5 = 0.20 17.711111^.20 = 1.776843
CAGR = 1.776843 – 1 = .776843 or 77.68% Compound rate of return
Venture investors first round investment: 1.5 million shares at $2 per share; 3M initially held
= 1,500,000 x $2.00 = $3,000,000
= 1,500,000 first round shares / 3,000,000 shares
= 0.50 percentage of shares x $26,566,667 venture investors value = $13,283,333.50 or $13,283,334
=Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR):
FV $13,283,334/ PV 3,000,000 = 4.427778 1 / year 4 = 0.25 4.427778^.25 = 1.450595846
CAGR = 1.450595946 – 1 = .450595946 or 45.06%
By computing the highest discount rate at which a project will have a positive NPV, the IRR method is supposed to assure that the actual rate of return on an accepted project is higher than the required rate of return.
Internal Rate of Return is a discount rate in which the net present value of an investment becomes zero. The investment should be accepted if the IRR is not less than the cost of capital. The IRR measures risk, by showing what the discounted rate would have to reach to lose all present value. Futronics Inc. investment would have an IRR of 14.79%. The investment should be accepted since it is greater than the 8% cost of capital. The 14.79% IRR shows the growth expected from the
You can earn 5% per year compounded annually for the next 4 years, followed by 8% per year compounded quarterly for 5 years. What is the average annual compounded rate of return over the 9 year period?
What is your estimate of Ace’s cost of new common stock, ke? What are some potential weaknesses in the procedures used to obtain this estimate?
10. An investment of $1,000 today will grow to $1,100 in one year. What is the continuously compounded rate of return?
year 2 is $23.64 or $33.64. In each case the market expects the firm to earn 10%
b) What will be the total equity value and equity price per share after the issuance is completed?
in our calculations, as this company exhibited dramatic value differences to others in the sample, (likely to skew our results and prove misleading). Using the average of the revised sample field for each ratio, we inserted Torrington’s values where appropriate to generate an entity value. The findings generated two values for Torrington, 606 million and 398 million. Taking the average of these two numbers, Torrington exhibited a relative value of 502.41 million. Because of the lack of related information given in the case, and the often large differences in measures amongst competitors, different capital structures, internal management strategies, there remained many unknowns in our model. We decided it would be best to use this valuation to reaffirm our assumptions in our DCF valuation. (Please see exhibits)
IRR is the rate at which the net present value becomes zero (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013). Additionally, IRR is calculated first by determining the Net Present Value. The Net Present Value is the variance concerning the market value and its cost (Ross, Westerfield & Jordan, 2013). Net present value is calculated by first finding the present value. For instance, 21.83 million (year 1 revenue from above) divided by 1 plus the companies rate of return of 12%. Thus, 21.83/(1+.12)= 19.49 is the present value for year 1. Furthermore, by adding the total revenue over the next 5 years we get 21.85+ 28.025+36.875+30.975+23.6=132.325 million is the expected value of revenue. That amount now needs to be placed into the present value equation previously discussed only this time with the exponent of 5 to cover the next 5 years. 132.325/(1+.12)^5=75.08 (rounded). Moreover, if
Common Share Value: Total market value of common share = price per share * number of pref. share = $25 * 100000 = $2,500,000
In DCF valuation (Chart 2), long-term growth rate is assumed to be 4%. Change in working capital is calculated as the average of 1997 and 1996 figure and is assumed to be constant for simplicity. Terminal value is valued at $69,398.1 million and NPV is $51,525 million. Stock price will be $37.07, indicating an exchange ratio at 0.46. This is a very conservative valuation as our DCF price is lower than Amoco’s current market price.
The ARR (Accounting rate of return) is the only method that compare the measure of profit over the life of a project to the amount of capital that must be invested to earn that profit. Once the ARR has been calculated, it is compared to the firm’s target return normally the organisation’s
It is determined that the company worth is $856,518 with a share price of $351.03 per value as per the discounting dividend cash flow valuation approach..In appraising the anticipated premerger performance of the company, the weighted average cost of capital is computed; the worth of the WACC for FVC is 9.2% as depicted in
Finally, we come up with the value for the operating after-tax operating cash flows for the next three years and the terminal value. We calculate the present value of these cash flows by discounting by the unlevered cost of capital, rU given as 8.7%, which gives us a value of the unlevered firm of ca. $566m.
We performed a DCF Analysis for two scenarios: 1) assuming the purchase of the residual equity of LIN Broadcasting; and 2) assuming the sale of the residual equity of LIN Broadcasting (See Exhibits 1 & 2). The most critical assumptions impacting value were: 1) discount rate and 2) terminal growth rate. We relied on discount rates between