Fiber Optics

The whole thing is usually wrapped in another layer of insulation and, finally, in an outer protective layer. (/coaxial_cable.html)

Non Conductive: A serious concern with outdoor cables in certain computer networks is they can be hit by lightning, causing destruction to wires and other cables that are involved in the network. Fiber optic cables can be made non-conductive by avoiding metal in their design. These kinds of cables are economical and standard for many indoor applications. Outdoor versions are more expensive since they require the special strength members, but they can still be valuable in eliminating ground loop and protecting electromagnetic equipment from surge damage.

When first thinking of fixed line networks they think of the coaxial cable (coax) which connects to their television and twisted pair terminated with a RG-11 plug for their phones and faxes. There two variation of coax that are used in networking, thicknet (RG8) and thinnet

Coaxial cable uses a single conductor in the middle of a cable and the central conductor is surrounded by an insulator which is called the dielectric. Coax cables have become obsolete. Unshielded twisted pair cabling, also known as UTP cabling, has become the most common used network cabling. UTP cabling consists of four twisted pairs of wire, which have a different number of twists per foot, all encased on one sheath. This cabling is graded by different categories. Category 5 is recommended for Ethernet speeds of 100 Mbps. Category 5e, for running gigabit Ethernet or 1000BaseT networks. Category 6 and Category 6a are used to give better performance at higher speeds. Fiber optic cable is wave guided or light guided because it guides the light waves along the length of the cable. Single mode fiber optic cable can operate over long distances. Because fiber allows one mode of light to propagate, light pulses put on the fiber keep their shape much longer. This allows the light pulses to travel much further without interfering with other

The new structure has been given a grant to make its network state of the art by making it a fiber optic network. The topics of discussion that will be mentioned in this paper are the hardware that will be necessary for the inside and outside of the building and how we would expand the fiber to an adjacent building if it is built. Another topic to be discussed will be describing the safety procedures that will be following during the installation.

12. Category 5e/6 Cable : cabling is used as a cabling infrastructure for 10BASE-T (Ethernet), full duplex 100BASE-TX (Fast Ethernet) and 1000BASE-T (Gigabit Ethernet, or GbE) networks. The Cat 5e standard provides performance of up to 100 MHz and can be used up to a maximum length of 100 meters.

Coaxial cable consists of a core of copper wire surrounded by insulation, a braided metal shielding, and an outer cover.

It never fails to amaze me what end users will admit to when you ask the right questions. If you ask a user in a nonthreatening manner about any physical stress that the cable might have endured, they’ll usually tell you. Remember that most users have no idea that a fiber cable can be destroyed if stepped on or bent too sharply, or if they roll a chair over it.

4. How many conductors or wires are there in a UTP cable? How many pairs?

Cables making up the core networks need to go very long distances across many states within the country. They typically follow well-defined routes such as highways and railways.

According to the U.S. Department of Energy, the first know traces of light can be tracked to Great Britain in 1803. Humphry Davy created the first ever man-made light seen in the World. He demonstrated the ability to flow electric current through two pieces of carbon powered by a battery source creating a bright and powerful arc. Some researchers give Mr. Davy credit as the inventor of light (DOE). Things took a drastic change in 1835. James Bowman Lindsay was able to keep a constant electric current flowing. He used parts of Davy’s old design and simply improved it. His ability to keep current flowing revolutionized the technology and created the first ever incandescent light bulb (Live Science). Edison was not born until 1843, so it is ridiculous for him to be credited with inventing the

Coaxial cable are classified according to it impedance. The one used in this exercise will use the impedance of 70 ohms with RG-58. This can be used for the discussed high speed internet requirements discussed above.

Speed: The speed of the network depends on how the network is built amongst other factors. The 10 base5 backbone infrastructure has a transmission speed of 10Mbps. The backbone is connected using bus topology, the bus being a shared medium causes all nodes to share the maximum data rate, depending on how many users are trying to access the network at a time (Frenzel, 2009). This means that the maximum aggregate throughput is 10Mbps. Furthermore, the use of hubs and repeaters puts all the nodes on the network in one large collision domain and because hubs and repeaters do not learn mac addresses they encourage broadcasts which takes up bandwidth that could be used to transfer frames. In addition all nodes on the network operate in half duplex mode. With half-duplex transmission, a node cannot both transmit and receive at the same time. If two nodes try to transmit at the same time it leads to a collision and the two packets are discarded. All these factors serve to slow down the network.

One of the most interesting developments in recent years in the field of telecommunication is the use of laser light to carry information over large distances. It has been proved in

Light enters one end of the fiber from a light bulb, laser, or some other source, and travels essentially unimpeded all the way to the length of the fiber where it is intercepted by a photosensitive detector such as an electronic device or even the human eye. The distance of travel varies according to the use to anywhere from just a few inches to over one-hundred and fifty miles. Fiber optic cable can transmit large amounts of information over one-hundred and fifty miles almost instantaneously. “While it takes five hours to transmit the contents of an encyclopedia over copper wires, the entire work can be transmitted in less than a minute over fiber optics” (Yawn PG).