Fibre Reinforced Polymer Reinforcement Bar

However, the absence of plastic deformation does not mean that composites are brittle materials like monolithic ceramics. The heterogeneous nature of composites result in complex failure mechanisms which impart toughness. Fiber-reinforced materials have been found to produce durable, reliable structural components in countless applications. The unique characteristic of composite materials, especially anisotropy, require the use of special design

Most people think concrete is an impenetrable solid. But in actually, concrete is a porous material with many capillaries and voids throughout the surface. Although concrete is strong in compressive strength, it is weak in tensile stength and elasticity. Concrete can tolerate heavy loads, but it is susceptible to damage which causes it to break apart over time.

Fiber-reinforced composite consisting of multiple layers of material is called laminate. Each layer is thin and may have a different fiber orientation. Two laminates may have the same number of layers and the same fiber angles but the two laminates may be different because of the arrangement of the layers. Figure 18 shows a global Cartesian coordinate system and a general laminate consisting of N layers. The laminate thickness is denoted by h and the thickness of a kth layer is hk thickness coordinate, designated z, is located at the laminate geometric mid-plane. The geometric mid- plane may be within a particular layer or at an interface between layers.

Composites have the ability to be light weight, corrosion resistance, and could be manufactured. Another quality that certain composites have is the control of thermal stresses. An example would be a joint where a CFRP is connected to titanium (Rufin, 2014). With Composites structures gives the opportunity to use adhesive bonding for connecting structures of the aircraft together and adhesive bonded patches. Adhesives and composites work sometimes better than adhesives with metals because of the characteristic change. Adhesive bonding is an aerodynamic bond that is low weight and prevents fatigue. It is known that adhesive bonding is better than mechanical fastening as in bolts or rivets. Some of the bonding features are connects any material together, prevents corrosion, and costs less than bolts or rivets. Adhesive bonding is important to aircraft design as seen in Figure 2 due to “high resistance to dynamic loads, and resistance to extreme and sometimes very rapid temperature changes, from sub-zero in the stratosphere to ground-level temperatures in desert climates” (Petrie, 2008). The Airplane in the figure has all the import joints connected with adhesive bonding. Figure 2: Adhesive bonding areas on a plane (Petrie, 2008)

Steel-reinforced concrete is a widely used structural material. The effectiveness of the steel reinforcement depends on the bond between the steel reinforcing bar and the concrete. Reinforced concrete is a composite material in which concrete 's relatively low tensile strength and ductility are counteracted by the inclusion of reinforcement having higher tensile strength and ductility. The reinforcement is usually, though not necessarily, steel reinforcing bars and is usually embedded passively in the concrete before it sets. Reinforcing schemes are generally designed to resist tensile stresses in particular regions of the concrete that might cause unacceptable cracking and

Polymer Matrix Composites: Most commonly used matrix materials are polymeric. In general the mechanical properties of polymers are inadequate for many structural purposes. In particular their strength and stiffness are low compared to metals and ceramics. These difficulties are overcome by reinforcing other materials with polymers. Secondly the processing of polymer matrix composites need not involve high pressure and doesn’t require high temperature. Also equipments required for manufacturing polymer matrix composites are simpler. For this reason polymer matrix composites developed rapidly and soon became popular for structural

Design flexibility: polymers replace metal part assemblies leading to smoother design and improved durability reducing manufacturing cost.

When carbon fibers are reinforced with polypropylene composites they provide high impact resistance and rigidity, which makes it favorable to use in automotive and structural engineering. In the recent years more functions such as easy paintability, low coefficient of thermal expansion and scratch resistant property has been a great concern. Automotive parts such as bumpers faces are usually painted prior to installation. This is done because the polypropylene resin has

Abstract: Advancement in recent years on the efficiency of glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) in production and cost benefits have increased their use as alternative means to steel rebar in bridge deck bases. The purpose in applying rebar is to increase the tensile strength of concrete. Considering the versatility of bridges there are many factors that need to be analyzed when choosing whether to use steel rebar or GFRP material such as: cost, tensile strength, and weather resistance. Stress-strain graphs were calculated, graphed, and analyzed to determine the yield tensile strength and stiffness of steel rebar and GFRP. Data collected from alkaline bath tests were graphed and analyzed to determine the thermal and corrosion resistance of each material. Costs per square inch of each material were also compared as well as each materials quality and life expectancy. The results of the conducted test analysis found the GFRP to have greater thermal resistance, lower cost, and higher life expectancy than the steel rebar, however the steel rebar’s stiffness was found to be about six times larger than the GFRP’s. These results suggest that the advancements in GFRP can provide longer lasting bridge structures and will change the future of construction and restoration of bridges.

Composite structure is a combination of two or more different items that may be distinguished physically, resulting in a final product that has a better performance from each component individually done. It consists of matrix composite materials (polymer, metal or ceramic) and one or more stages of reinforcement (fibers, particles, flakes, or fillers). The combination of the different elements appropriately to achieve a system with structural or functional characteristics of the best that can be achieved through one of the components alone. The vehicle has become an essential part of the day because of the material advantages such as low weight, high corrosion resistance, high strength and fatigue, and faster assembly. Used widely as raw materials in the airframe industry, packaging, electronics, medical equipment and spacecraft building materials home [1].

Concrete is a unique and extensive conducive construction material by virtue of its excellent compressive strength.

Furthermore, composited have a wider range of properties than the other types of material; thus, they are used in more application. For instance, the material used in fishing poles should have a high tensile and compressive strengths, and a high modulus of elasticity, as that they are subject to high stresses, which they need to withstand without failing or going through much plastic deformation. Moreover, fishing poles have to be ductile and flexible, as that they should have the ability to bend. Such properties cannot often be achieved by using a single type of material; however, those properties can be found in different composites. According to Philips [3], fishing rods are commonly made of fibers glass or carbon embedded in a matrix of epoxy or lignin.

has high density; and this increases density of concrete as well as dead load of

Additives, fillers, and reinforcements are used to change and enhance the physical and mechanical properties of plastics. In general, reinforcing fibers increase the mechanical properties of polymer composites while particular fillers of various types increase

Nowadays, we talk much about high performance concrete. It has higher strength, better durability and elasticity. Although high strength concrete is often considered as relatively new material, its development has been gradually taking place over many years.