Fibromyalgia Research Paper

of extremities, and even cognitive memory problems. The name fibromyalgia comes from "fibro" in Latin

The goal of occupational therapy is to assist people with fibromyalgia in regaining, developing and building skills, maximizing function in activities of daily living (Luedtke et al., 2005). Within the context of chronic pain, occupational therapist focuses on activity modification principles which include interview and activity analysis to assess the impact of pain on the client's desired activity and independence (Luedtke et al., 2005). Upon the intervention, symptom reduction strategies, muscle strengthening activities and adaptive equipment for specific activities are provided by the occupational therapist (Radomski & Latham, 2013).

Fibromyalgia is a genetic disease that is portrayed by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness in localized areas. Fibromyalgia is when there is pain throughout the whole body. Being diagnosed with fibromyalgia can be a big life changer! Some of the reasons why this is a life changing disease are symptoms of fibromyalgia, how it is inherited, the type of mutation, the protein that is affected, the chromosome number, and treatment for fibromyalgia.

On any given day in America, adults around the world may be suffering with a crippling type of pain. Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder that affects at least five million americans mostly women, it's characterized by non restorative sleep, muscle aches and stiffness that may last all day, pain in all four quadrants of the body and the presence of specific tender points.

To assess the effects of massage treatments on pressure pain threshold (PPT), Albert F. Moraska conducted a randomized, placebo controlled trial on people with myofascial pain syndrome

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic disease of not fully-known etiology and pathophysiology characterized by chronic widespread pain, fatigue and psychological symptoms such as depression and anxiety. Over the years, there have been countless papers reporting on the association

TENS is used as an adjunct to core treatment for symptomatic relief of inflammatory, neuropathic and musculoskeletal pain (8). TENS is regularly used as a standalone treatment, and is used for mild to moderate pain relief. TENS can be used alongside with several other modalities such as exercise, acupuncture, medication, etc, to increase effectiveness of pain relief. TENS is a preferred method because it is an safe, non-invasive, inexpensive (8) and easy technique to perform yourself. TENS is available for use by healthcare professionals, and nurses, midwives and physiotherapists support patients in the use of this technique (8). The goal of TENS is to stimulate peripheral nerves to decrease the flow of pain related information in a manner

Fibromyalgia is a common musculoskeletal condition with symptoms of widespread muscle and joint pain, and fatigue. Many different medications are available to treat this sometimes-debilitating disease, including narcotics. The harmful effects of narcotics overuse to treat a wide variety of pain disorders are seen increasingly throughout the United States. With providers becoming concerned over using pain medication and causing harm to patients, a further look at alternative treatment methods is necessary. Because symptoms of fibromyalgia include anxiety, depression, and widespread pain, an increase in activity as a part of a comprehensive treatment plan is an option to consider. The following critique and literature

Title: “Are the number of visits of mobilizations and baseline conditioned pain modulation* associated with clinically important pain improvement** in patients with chronic idiopathic neck pain- A cross-sectional study?”

Physiotherapy is typically unheeded when equated to medical or surgical regimens in the management of less-debated health concerns like fibromyalgia. However, as per a research report, almost millions of individuals are presently suffering from fibromyalgia across the globe. The authentic pathogenesis of fibromyalgia is not very well understood, so it is a disorder of unidentified etiology. However, just lately, a number of research studies have verified that physiotherapy can manage the signs of fibromyalgia without imposing the need of any supplementary therapy. Fibromyalgia is categorized by a horde of symptoms affecting muscles and skeletal system. It is marked by temperate to severe malicious pain, stiffness encompassing muscles and joints, tenderness in joints and other portions of the body, numbness or tingling feeling in the limbs and other broad-spectrum symptoms that embrace fatigue, drowsiness, psychological problems and sleeping problems.

TENS involves placing multiple electrodes on the stump which sends electrical impulses along the nerves. The two main theories on why this relieves pain including causing the brain to release endorphins which help block the perception of pain. Secondly, the electrical impulses may interfere with the pain signals being sent to the brain which ultimately minimizes the pain. In a study conducted by Mulvey et. al (2013) it was shown that the stimulation was well tolerated and their pain intensity while moving and resting decreased for 9 of the 10 participants within 30 minutes. One participant even went on to mention, ‘‘TENS took my pain away in my phantom limb and my stump… It didn’t just dull the pain, as I had expected it would, it actually took the pain away!’’ (Mulvey et. al

Fibromyalgia is a condition that causes pain, swelling, and inflammation of the musculoskeletal system in an estimated 5 million adults in the United States alone. Many pharmaceutical companies have manufactured medications to decrease the musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and tenderness associated with fibromyalgia, but your chiropractor can also help manage this discomfort.

Fibromyalgia (FM): The diagnosis of FM has been controversial over the years; it was felt to be a “garbage” diagnosis. Patients were diagnosed as “hysterics,” and told their pain was “imagined.” Even though we do not understand its pathogenesis completely, an increasing body of abnormal findings compared to controls supports the diagnosis, and alterations in the CNS may contribute to the chronic pain of FM.21 FM is the result of centrally-mediated augmentation of pain and sensory process.21 This is supported by increased levels of various pain neurotransmitters, glutmate and substance P,22,23 and fMRI data demonstrated low intensity stimuli in patients with fibromyalgia comparable to high intensity stimuli in controls.24

TENS unit is used for treating different types of illnesses or conditions such as acute and chronic pain, migraine and tension headaches including cancer pain. Most general use is to treat muscle, joint, or bone problems that occur with osteoarthritis or fibromyalgia,

The Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation or TENS is used to help with pain. It is applied using various waveforms and a variety of other electrical stimulation parameters. There are three main types of TENS to choose from. There is conventional TENS, Low Rate TENS, and Burst mode TENS. Conventional TENS is also known as high rate TENS. It uses short duration high frequency pulses at a current amplitude sufficient enough to produce a comfortable sensation without muscle contractions to help with pain.3 High rate can be applied for 24 hours at a time with a rate of 80-100 pps. Also