Fibrotic Tissue Homeostasis

It results when one or both of these gas-exchanging functions are inadequate . It is not a disease but a symptom of an underlying pathology affecting lung tissue function, 02 delivery, cardiac output, or the baseline metabolic state. It is a condition that occurs because of one or more diseases involving the lungs or other body systems. Symptoms of this is hypoexia and hypercapnia.

The presence of fluid in the alveolar space could potentially cause the lung capacity to be effected as well.

No information is given to determine previous medical history, so all possible causes can be taken into consideration related to F.T’s shortness of breath. A history of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease could contribute to this acute episode of shortness of breath, and warrants further assessment due to the risk of Cor Pulmonale associated with COPD. The indication of his increased use of an albuterol inhaler also leads me to believe that he has a previous pulmonary complication, which could be likely be COPD, or possibly Asthma as the medication is

He also had a history of shortness of breath for several months (2014). He was evaluated by the cardiologist; the test results indicated that the heart was not causing the shortness of breath. Later he was referred to a lung specialist for further evaluation.

This "dead space" of air needs to stay in your lungs constantly; otherwise the lung will completely deflate. If the lung has every bit of air sucked out of it, it will collapse and need to be re-inflated.

The diffusion of oxygen across the lungs and into the blood is decreased. The oxygen levels will be lowered, triggering chemoreceptors to send an afferent message to the brain, creating the sensation of dyspnea.

The bronchi and bronchiole tubes are loosely wrapped with muscle. During regular breathing, the muscles around these airways are relaxed (5). This allows air to flow freely through these passageways to the alveoli. However, during an asthma attack, air has trouble reaching the alveoli, which prevents the body from receiving oxygen. This is because the airways become smaller. Firstly, the muscles around the airways spasm and contract. This then causes inflammation of the bronchioles and bronchi themselves, which causes a mucus to be produced.

Lung function tests have revealed normal spirometry, gas transfer and static lung volumes. There appears to be a fall in pre-bronchodilator FEV1, but not so FVC and TLCO comparing back to 2007??. Maximal respiratory pressures are reduced indicative of respiratory muscle/diaphragm weakness. This is consistent with what has previously been observed and the previous diagnosis of mild left hemidiaphragm weakness. I note from Tony Dortimer’s most recent letter that the coronary angiogram

The lung function tests showed a moderate degree of airflow obstruction with normal gas transfer factor which would be consistent with moderate degree COPD.

Pulmonary fibrosis is a lung disease that occurs when the tissue deep in your lungs become thick and stiff. Over time, the damaged tissue forms scar tissue. The term for the scar tissue is fibrosis. When the scarred tissue becomes too thick, breathing becomes difficult and symptoms arise.

History of Present Illness: Mr. Siegel is a very pleasant 80-year-old gentleman with end stage renal disease, previously on dialysis. He is here today for a formal evaluation of progressive dyspnea on exertion that has been worsening over the last six to eight months. He states that while sitting still, he has no shortness of breath. However, with any exertion at all, he does become winded very quickly. He does note some wheeze with exertion as well as cough. Interestingly there is some association with belching, which was evaluated by GI with a negative workup. He does complain of some chest tightness, as well. Per Ira Schwartz, 's MD note, cardiology evaluation of his ongoing dyspnea is not primarily related to his heart.

Alveoli are small sacs clustered together in the end of each persons lower respiratory tract where active gas exchange happens. The walls of the alveoli weaken and eventually rupture with constant chemical damage such as smoking. According to an article by Mayo Clinic “Emphysema”, Once the alveoli is damaged, less gas exchange happens causing labored breathing and shortness of breath.

Choking gases irritate the lower branches of the lungs. The gases can destroy the sensitive lung tissue leading

Shortness of breath is one of the most common symptoms of emphysema as phlegm and mucus narrow the airways and fill up the air sacs, and the swelling in the lungs narrows the lumen. Eventually due to the reduction in functioning air sacs the number of capillaries

Pulmonary fibrosis is a subset of interstitial lung disease (ILD), a general category that includes various lung conditions. These disorders affect the absorption of oxygen into the lungs and impede normal breathing. Pulmonary fibrosis, like other interstitial lung diseases, affect the interstitium, the lace-like network of tissues that provides support to the lungs’ tiny air sacs, or alveoli. Tiny blood vessels travel through the interstitium, allowing gas exchange between the blood and lungs. Normally, the interstitium is too delicate to be seen in a chest x-ray or CT scan, but interstitial lung diseases like pulmonary fibrosis cause the interstitium to thicken due to scarring, extra fluid or inflammation. If you suspect you or someone you