Fibrous Capsule Essay

The T category describes the original (primary) tumor. The tumor size is usually measured in centimeters (2 and 1/2 centimeters is about 1 inch) or millimeters (10 millimeters = 1 centimeter).

the American Cancer Society there are benign tumors, which are rare and often develop in

Malignant and benign tumors can both be viewed radiographically. When viewing a tumor on a film, it may have a hyperostotic line surrounding it. This radiopaque line encloses a slow-growing tumor; a tumor with a hyperostotic line is normally benign. A malignant lesion has a poorly defined border. It invades and perforates the tissue around it.

Liver cancers are malignant tumours that grow inside or on the surface of the liver. They form from the liver or structures inside the liver, for example, blood

At US, large hemangiomas seem heterogeneous. With using non-contrast CT, the lesion may be seen hypoattenuating and heterogeneous with low attenuated central areas. After administration of contrast material, the filling is incomplete during the portal venous and delayed phases. On T1-weighted images, the lesion is observed as a marginated hypointense mass containing hypointense septa and a hypointense cleft. On T2-weighted images, the internal septa remain hypointense, but the cleft is hyperintense. The enhancement is similar to that of CT imaging and the internal septa and cleft remain hypointense (14, 15).

It can also show patchy infiltrates or enlargement of the hilar and/or mediastinal lymph nodes. Severe cases may show bilateral diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates, small or diffuse pulmonary nodules. CT may show diffuse reticulonodular infiltrates. In severe disease, upper lobe infiltrates and cavities may be present along with extensive fibrosis of the lower lung fields.1,2,4,8

Hemangioma is the most common non-cystic benign hepatic lesion. Depending on imaging findings, hepatic hemangiomas can be categorized as typical and atypical. Typical hemangiomas comprised of three distinct histological subtypes, including (i) the cavernous hemangioma, (ii) the capillary hemangioma and (iii) the sclerosed hemangioma (1). The atypical group includes various categories such as giant and heterogeneous large hemangiomas (2, 3).

The SEER is a population-based cancer database by National Cancer Institute. The SEER 13 represents approximately 14% of the population of the United States and includes 13 cancer registries - San Francisco-Oakland, Connecticut, Detroit, Hawaii, Iowa, New Mexico, Seattle (Puget Sound region), Utah, Atlanta, San Jose-Monterey, Los Angles, Alaska Natives, and rural Georgia. High quality data are collected from hospitals and cancer treatment centers. The database includes primary tumor site, staging, patient demographics, treatment modality and survival statistics (10). We selected adult patients (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with first primary HCC between January 1992 and December 2011. We excluded cases diagnosed at autopsy and those lost to

This is the most common form of liver cancer in adults. Hepatocellular cancer or carcinoma (HCC) can have different growth patterns:

In our cohorts we prospectively recruited patients with HCC presented at MD Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) from January 2000-May 2008 and used as a training cohort. Then, we enrolled patients from the same institution from June 2008-January 2011 and used as the first independent prospective validation cohort and also from different institution, Assiut University Hospital, Egypt from April 2012- September 2013 as the second independent prospective validation cohort. This study was approved by the two institutional Review Boards. Written informed consent for participation was obtained from each study participant. We recruited all patients diagnosed with HCC either pathologically or radiologically confirmed. For the three HCC cohorts, the study involved pathologically or radiologically confirmed HCC; the diagnosis was based

There are many differences between benign and malignant tumors. In the growth rate the tumors in the malignant grows much rapidly than the benign tumors. Meanwhile some of the malignant aka the cancerous tumors grow very slowly. Depending on the benign tumors it will grow either rapidly or very slowly. In the tissue invasion the malignant tumors will intend to invade the nearby tissues In the benign tumors does not invade because it can damage the nearby organs by having pressure on them. Benign is a non-cancerous tumor and malignant is a type of cancer that can grow. In order for your doctor to know if the cancer is cancerous or not the doctor needs to run some tests. In the diagnosis section of the report you can find a section called the

The main reason hepatocellular carcinoma is considered is due to the occurrence of multiple symptoms in HCC patients is common, and may include pain, fatigue, weight loss, and obstructive syndromes such as ascites and jaundice which was evident in the patient (Sun & Sarna, 2008). Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer, and incidence of HCC is highest in Africa and Asia, where viral hepatitis is endemic. HCC is often diagnosed at advanced stages and prognosis is generally poor when the tumor is unresectable. This extremely guarded prognosis is frequently coupled with severe symptom occurrence including pain, fatigue, anorexia, and ascites (Zhu, 2003).

Symptoms that indicate breast cancer are not detected easily. Benign masses, as well as malignancies may present as a lumps, most commonly in the upper portion of the breast. Other symptoms include dimpling of the skin; changes in size and color of the nipple, purulent or bloody discharge form the nipples or other irregularities when performing a breast exam, including the axillary region. Once the cancer invades other organs the patient may suffer from pain and discomfort, weight loss, joint pain, fever, skin disorders and swelling. Extent of the invasion will indicate the symptoms seen and experienced by the patient. Organs attacked by malignancy vary on the origin and location of the tumor. Common organs of invasion include but are not limited to; lungs, liver, bones and brain. Early detection of the disease greatly decreases the chance cancer to metastasize to other parts of the body, and provides

Tumors are one of the most feared diseases of our time. Many people upon hearing the word “tumor” immediately resonate to the conclusion of it being cancer, which is not necessarily true. Tumors fall into to two main types, benign and malignant. Although they are considerably different in tissue invasion, their nature that makes them distinct and symptoms, they are also quite similar in the way they recur in the same location, growth size and their health risks.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common diseases, with an increasing incidence. With new and advanced surgical instrumentation and techniques, several curative therapies have become successful. The HCC patients are treated according to the stage of Liver tumor. For very early stage of HCC, the very first choice of therapy is liver resection but it is later being replaced by local ablative therapy which is useful as a bridging therapy toward liver transplantation and also as a replacement therapy for liver transplant when conditions are not feasible. However, liver transplantation provides better results in the HCC patients whose tumor meet the Milan criteria. The main obstacle towards the successful treatment is the HCC recurrence and at present there is no successful ways of treating and preventing HCC recurrence. For intermediate-stage HCC, the transarterial therapy is considered suitable. These surgical therapies not only provides suitable outcomes but also recovers the quality of life of HCC patients. Because of the complications of HCC, the surgical therapeutic approaches must be considered according to the tumor stage of each individual patient. The article presents an overview of treatment therapies for both early and advanced stage HCC based on the extensive review of the relevant literature.