In William Dean Howell's novel, The Rise of Silas Lapham, the author uses figurative language, diction, and imagery to highlight societal tensions and the contrasting identities of Irene and Penelope, ultimately revealing that external appearances do not define one’s true value. Howell introduces Irene and Penelope as children raised in an affluent society, but lacking personality. Through his mention of "muted apparel" and "slighted dress,” Howell emphasizes Penelope’s simplistic preferences when it comes to her appearance. By comparison, Irene is portrayed as excessively concerned with her appearance, which Howell highlights with her “hours spent on the toilet” and her choice of purchasing extravagant dresses "far outside her capacity to
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