Filo Lab Report

To the best of authors knowledge, there are no reports on electrochemical evaluation of spinel structured MnCo2O4 nanorods. In this study for the first time, the hydrothermal method has been adopted for the preparation of spinel structured MnCo2O4 nanorods. The structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of the one dimensional MnCo2O4 nanorods have been systematically studied. The electrochemical properties of the MnCo2O4 reveal that this may be a potential electrode material for supercapacitor

Semiconductor Nano crystals or quantum dots are materials that are typically 2-20 nm in diameter, consisting of approximately twelve to fourteen thousand atoms. The effect of quantum confinement results, in the electrons and holes in the Nano crystal to exhibit quantized energy states; thus enabling them to exhibit novel physical properties that are not found in their bulk counterparts. Research in semiconductor quantum dots started with the realization that the optical and electronic properties of these particles were strongly dependent on particle size, due to quantum confinement of the charge carriers in small spaces.

Copper acetate monohydrate (Cu(CH3COO)2.H2O, SRL, AR Grade), Iron(III) nitrate nonahydrate (Fe(NO3)3 9H2O, Thomas Baker, AR grade), cadmium dihydrate (Cd(CH3COO)2.2H2O), tin chloride dihydrate (SnCl2.2H2O, Merck, GR grade), and thiourea (CS(NH)2, SD Fine, AR grade), and ethanol (Merck, AR grade) were the precursors used for synthesis of CFTS and CCdTS nanoparticles. The electrolyte is composed of the following chemicals: 0.1M lithium iodide (LiI, Anhydrous, Merck), 0.05M Iodine ((I2, Thomas Baker, LR), 0.5M 4-tert-Butylpyridine (TBP, Sigma-Aldrich, 96%) and 0.6 M 1-Methyl- 3-propylimidazolim iodide (PMII, Sigma-Aldrich, 98%) and acetonitrile. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates (TEC 8, sheet resistance 8 Pilkington), TiO2 powder (P 25,

XRD analysis was performed using a PanAlytical X-ray diffractometer with a Cu anode, generating Kα radiation (=1.54046 Å) and operating at 40 kV and 30 mA. Raman spectra were recorded at room temperature with a Bruker Optik GmbH Raman microscope-spectrometer Senterra using a 100x MPLN Olympus objective. The wavelength of the excitation laser was 448 nm. Surface morphology was analyzed by SEM on a Raith PIONEER System and the particle size distribution histogram was determined using particle detection software (SPIP, Image Metrology). A Nanosurf easyScan 2 AFM (Nanosurf, Liestal, Switzerland) in contact mode was employed to obtain topographical images and the Gwyddion software [34] was used for image processing and root mean square roughness (Rrms) calculation. The electrical properties such as resistivity and carrier concentration were determined from Hall Effect measurements at room temperature using an Ecopia HMS-300 system based on the van-der-Pauw method. The optical transmittance spectra were recorded at room temperature by a Safas UVmc2 UV–Vis spectrophotometer and the optical bandgap energy data was then derived from the transmission spectra. The optical waveguiding characterizations were carried with a Metricon Model 2010/M Prism Coupler System equipped with a polarized He-Ne laser beam operating at a 632.8 nm wavelength. A Veeco Dektak 150 Surface Profiler was used for film thickness investigation. The thickness of the AZO films prepared at 6, 12, 18 and 24 coatings was measured to be 232, 425, 617 and 798 ± 1 nm,

the element copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu. it is a very high thermal metal and its atomic number is 29. its atomic weight is 63.546, its melting point is 1357.77k, its boiling point is2835k, and its density is 8.933 grams per cubic centimeter. The components of an atom are made up from protons, electrons, and neutrons. they are arranged from highest relative charge to lowest just like this: proton +1, neutron 0, electron -1. There are 29 electrons in the copper atom. there are 29 electrons in the copper atoms because the electrons are arranged in multiple layers called layers. electrons are distributed into different shells.the first shell can hold a maximum of 2 energy level has the lowest energy. the second shell can hold

The image in Fig. 1a shows that the MWCNTs form a dense and open matrix of high surface area. The MWCNTs are 4-5 µm in length and 60-100 nm in diameter. The presence of Ni NPs on the MWCNT surfaces in Fig. 1b does not influence the structure of the MWCNT matrix, leaving it quite open and accessible to the electrolyte. In order to clearly show the presence of Ni NPs on the MWCNTs, transmission electron microscopy was conducted. Fig. 1c shows a TEM image of MWCNT prior to deposition of Ni NPs by PLA. The walls of the MWCNT are smooth and void of any observable NPs. Fig. 1d contrasts the TEM image shown in Fig. 1c by displaying a Ni NP-decorated MWCNT. It can be seen that the Ni NPs are uniformly distributed along the MWCNT, covering the entire surface. The Ni NPs are shaped as ‘nano-flakes’.

In this work, we consider two kinds of a spherically symmetric semiconductor quantum dots: (a) type I single quantum dot (SQD) with radius r_1, in which electrons and holes are confined in the same region of space, and (b) type II core/shell quantum dot (CCQD) with the same core radius, r_1, coated with shell thickness t=r_2-r_1, in which the spatial confinement of electrons and holes depends strongly on the geometrical parameters (core radius and shell thickness) and strain effects. Due to the potential structure of CdSe/CdTe CCQD, electrons mainly reside in the CdSe core region, while the holes dwell mainly in the CdTe shell region. This separation is shown in Fig. 1. For clarity, we designate the band-gap energy, the conduction band minimum (CBM) and the valence band maximum (VBM) of bulk semiconductor materials in the unstrained case by E_g0^i, E_c0^i and E_v0^i, respectively. E_c^i and E_v^i denote the bulk band edges of each nanoheterostructure compound including strain effect. In this paper, the index i=1,2,3 refers to the CdSe region (1), CdTe region (2) and the external medium (3), c(v) holds for conduction (valence) band and e(h) holds for electron (hole). E_g and V_(e(h)) are the bulk gap energy and the electron (hole) confining potential of strained hetero-nanocrystal, respectively. In Fig 1, ε_1, ε_2 and ε_3 are dielectric constants of core, shell and external medium, respectively. For simplicity, we assume that the potential outside each kind of nanocrystal is

Introduction: Semiconductor Nps and thin films have recently attracted much attention due to their applications in optoelectronics, photocatalysis, microelectronics, energy conversion industries and nonlinear optics [1-3]. These materials have been a new generation of advanced materials due to their novel structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties originating from size quantization [4]. PbS is an important IV-VI semiconductor material because of its direct bandgap of 0.41 eV and its exciton Bohr radius of 18nm at room temperature. Therefore when crystal sizes are smaller than the Bohr radius, such a small bandgap and a large exciton Bohr radius make it as an interesting system for studying the effect of size confinement. PbS Nps may also be useful in electroluminescent devices such as light emitting diodes and optical switch devices. Many physical and chemical properties such as melting point, color, bandgap, optical and electronic properties of materials strongly depend on the particle sizes [5-8]. Different morphologies can play roles in the properties. They include nanocrystals [9], nanorods [10-11], nanotubes [10], nanocubes [12], star shapes [13], dendrites [12, 14], and flower-like crystals [15]. All can be prepared by different methods, such as hydrothermal and solvothermal [16, 12], vacuum deposition [17], electrochemical deposition [18], pulsed laser deposition [19], microwave

In order to analysis of the selectivity of the PIN/CdS nanocomposites various aromatic compound such as nitro methane, aniline, benzoic acid have been used and compared with the PA. Quenching is observed even at very low concentration of PA (10 mM).

Studies on copper oxide nanomaterial have grown significantly in recent years due to its direct band gap and intrinsic p-type behavior together with low cost fabrication and good opto-electronic properties. Copper oxide shows two types of polymorphism namely, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) and cupric oxide (CuO) [1]. Cupric oxide has absorbed light up to the near infrared region due to the open 3d shell with a 1.2 eV in bulk, of charge-transfer type [2]. Recently, CuO has been paying attention within the scientific community as a ‘future material’, because it has some unique magnetic and super-hydrophobic properties which are not usually present in other metal oxide nanostructures, such as TiO2, ZnO, WO3, and SnO2 [3]. Additionally, It confirms the

This can be attributed to the fact that as the current is directly proportional to the flux, the magnitude of the current should be fast at faster scan rate and slow at slower scan rates.40 The CV curves reveal that the maximum current density and an enhanced capacitive area were observed for the nanocomposites ZnSnO2@G. This observation can be explained based on the fact that graphene with its 2D structures exhibits enhanced conductivity, higher surface area, and better capacitive behavior as compared to CNT. However, the Zn-doped nanocomposites have enhanced current densities as compared to SnO2-based nanocomposites, probably because of two reasons viz. First, the incorporation of Zn2+ ions as dopants decreases the size, and second, the substitution of the Zn2+ ions for the Sn4+ ions modifies the surface and forms more oxygen vacancies for charging compensation. Thus, the CV curve confirms the successful interaction between the metal oxides and graphitic forms, as also expected from the surface area and FESEM morphologies.

Introduction: This work is more focused on exceptional optical properties of metal NPs to promote efficient models to govern the complex properties of nanoparticles enhanced composites. It contains matrix design along with electrical and optical characteristics. To eliminate the inadequacy to portray the film particles distribution and to gauge the dielectric properties of NPs-doped films, a novel alteration proved to be more amenable as well as need low processing temperature compared to the traditional glass methods. Basically, the general process involves the formation of metal NPs from a soluble salt form via various methods like annealing and photochemical reactions [11], however, suffer a couple of constraints like size and shape,

To explain nanocrystalline materials, it should have been explained that “nano” concept at first. Nanostructures are relatively new and interesting subject to investigate, they are in a scale which is between 0-100 nanometers (1 nanometer, nm is equal to 10-9 meter). There are some types of nanostructured materials such as lamellar (1-dimensional), filamentary (2-dimensional) and crystallites (3-dimensional). If grains of the material are made up of crystals, then “nanocrystalline materials” term is what they are called. In this case, nanocrystalline materials have grains which are the size of < 100 nm typically. An example of nanocrystalline material of SnO2 is imaged with STM as seen in Fig. 1 [1] and SEM image of nanocrystalline diamond thin films as seen in Fig. 2. [2]

In recent years, polymer nanocomposites have been the subject of intensive research because of the electrical characteristics of such composites close to the properties of metals, whereas the optical properties and processing methods are typical for polymer [1-6].

THE SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT ENTITLED “THEORETICAL STUDY OF FERROELECTRIC BEHAVIOUR OF HOLLANDITES” IS BEING SUBMITTED BY RAUNIL CHADHA FOR HIS SUMMER INTERNSHIP NTCC (NON-TEACHING CREDIT COURSE). RESEARCH PAPERS AND ARTICLES FOUND ONLINE WERE USED AS A REFERENCE BY RAUNIL FOR THIS REPORT. RAUNIL HAS WORKED UNDER HIS FACULTY GUIDE DR. DIPTRANJAN SAHU, WHOSE ADVICE WAS CRITICAL AND HAS HELPED HIM TO COMPLETE THIS REPORT.