Fin361 Appendix 3a

Cost of Goods Sold – totaled $3,294,000.00 for year 6, and from years 6 to 7 grew +32.8% or $1,048,000.00.

A situation in which a company using LIFO accounting sells its oldest inventory. LIFO liquidation happens when the company's sales outpace its purchases for inventory. By using the LIFO inventory method this will the older you have to go back, the higher the net income. Inventory is always reported on the balance sheet. As you liquidate older inventory with the LIFO method you decrease your cost of good sold which will increase profitability.

When using the LIFO method, if sales are higer than current purchases inventory not sold may be liquidated. This is called LIFO liquidation. The effect of the LIFO liquidation on the Harnischfeger’s income statement is an increase in net income by $2.4 million or $.20 in fiscal year 1984. There is no income tax effect. On the balance sheet there is a decrease of inventory, due to liquidation.

After reading Chapter 6 of the textbook and the materials I found that I was struggling to understand the material more than usual. Before reading this chapter I had a slight idea of how much effort went into keeping track of the costs and inventory. The most that I knew was that you had to keep track of it, I didn’t know that there are different ways to keep track of those costs. After reading more into the different ways to keep track of inventory I found that the one that stuck out most to me and was the one that I spent the most time trying to understand was the LIFO (Last In First Out).

-The was a liquidation of LIFO inventory quantities carried at lower cost compared with the current cost of their acquisitions. Because of this, COGS decreased.

There are four accepted inventory methods: Specific Unit Cost, Average Cost, FIFO, and LIFO. Unique inventory items are recorded in inventory by the cost of that unit or specific unit cost. Non-unique items use one of the other 3 methods. The average-cost method is: average cost = cost of goods available / number of units available. The first-in, first-out (FIFO) method assigns the first costs into inventory to the first cost of goods sold. The last-in, first-out (LIFO) method assigns the last costs into inventory to the first cost of goods sold. Since inventory costs can vary, companies may choose an inventory method based on tax advantages. When prices are falling, FIFO will have the lowest taxable income. When prices are rising, LIFO has the lowest taxable

| |Net Operating Income |$6,600,000 |$12,600,000 |$15,000,000 |$7,800,000 |$3,000,000 | | | | | | | | |Taxes |($2,244,000) |($4,284,000) |($5,100,000) |($2,652,000) |($1,020,000) | |Net Operating Profit After Taxes |$4,356,000 |$8,316,000 |$9,900,000 |$5,148,000 |$1,980,000 | | | | | | | | |Net Income |$4,356,000 |$8,316,000 |$9,900,000 |$5,148,000 |$1,980,000 | |Year |Units Sold | |Price Per Unit Year 1 - 4 | |1 |70,000 | |$300 | |2 |120,000 | | | | | |3 |140,000 | |Price Per Unit Year Five | |4 |80,000

Since the Walgreen Company sells products as the retailer or manufacturer it may find the cost of its products increases or rises high the company should use the LIFO method of inventory (Porter & Norton, 2013). According to Hughes and Schwartz (2014), the use of LIFO method of inventory helps a company buys or sells will less taxable income and less income tax payments than FIFO. Porter and Norton also found that when the prices are rising frequently, then a company should use the LIFO method. Therefore, the Walgreen Company uses the Last-In, First-Out (LIFO) Method. It is also equally important that the Walgreen Company should use the LIFO method of Inventory costing because the cost of last accrued items should be assigned firs tot sales

LIFO is not a not all that awful marker of conclusion stock in light of the way that the staying stock may be old or not regardless open anymore and you will accomplish a respect that is much lesser then the present costs, this proposes that the LIFO system results in a lower net remuneration in light of the way that the cost of things sold is higher.

| * Inventory in FIFO as of beginning and end of current year, * Cumulative amount of “LIFO Reserve” as of beginning of the current year.

During this time, sales increased from: $7.11 billion in 2010 to $7.99 billion in 2012. Earnings improved from $2.84 to $3.57. While the total amount of dividends rose from $1.00 to $1.72. These figures are showing how the company has been continually increasing sales, earnings and dividends over the last three years. In the future, the management predicts that their current strategy will increase returns. As, executives believe that their focus on building the brand and accounting for costs will lead to net earnings of $5.20 to $7.19 annually by

“(..) When no loss of income is expected to take place as a result of a reduction of cost prices of certain goods because others forming components of the same general categories of finished products have a market value (..) or net realizable value (..) equally in excess of cost (..) the guidance on subsequent measurement may be applied directly to the totals of the entire inventory”

The use of LIFO as an inventory management system is recognized as one of three management systems and has been accepted by GAAP. However, IFRS does not recognized LIFO as an acceptable management system. Many advocates of LIFO argue that it provides an accurate revenue match with expenses since sales reveal the most recent selling prices, then the cost of goods sold should also reflect the most recent inventory purchasing costs. However, the ending inventory balances shown on the

In business trade there are many evaluation methods to value the inventory. The last in, first out (LIFO) method is one of the proper methods in inventory valuation method. For some reasons in IAS 2 Inventories it is not able to be used any more, but it is still accepted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the United States of America. LIFO refers that the last importing item of inventory is sold by the first purchased inventory. To use this method will lead to some potential financial questions, especially in the period of inflation. However, using this method can also avoid some questions in the period of inflation. This essay will analyse the main reasons why the USA will continue to accept this method

LIFO stands for last-in, first-out, meaning that the most recently purchased items are recorded as sold first. Since the 1970s, U.S. companies have tended to use LIFO, which reduces their income taxes in times of inflation.[1]