Fin361 Appendix 3a

Net Sales – totaled $4,485,000.00 for year 6, and grew +33.3% or $1,495,000.00 between years 6 to 7.

A situation in which a company using LIFO accounting sells its oldest inventory. LIFO liquidation happens when the company's sales outpace its purchases for inventory. By using the LIFO inventory method this will the older you have to go back, the higher the net income. Inventory is always reported on the balance sheet. As you liquidate older inventory with the LIFO method you decrease your cost of good sold which will increase profitability.

-The was a liquidation of LIFO inventory quantities carried at lower cost compared with the current cost of their acquisitions. Because of this, COGS decreased.

After reading Chapter 6 of the textbook and the materials I found that I was struggling to understand the material more than usual. Before reading this chapter I had a slight idea of how much effort went into keeping track of the costs and inventory. The most that I knew was that you had to keep track of it, I didn’t know that there are different ways to keep track of those costs. After reading more into the different ways to keep track of inventory I found that the one that stuck out most to me and was the one that I spent the most time trying to understand was the LIFO (Last In First Out).

When using the LIFO method, if sales are higer than current purchases inventory not sold may be liquidated. This is called LIFO liquidation. The effect of the LIFO liquidation on the Harnischfeger’s income statement is an increase in net income by $2.4 million or $.20 in fiscal year 1984. There is no income tax effect. On the balance sheet there is a decrease of inventory, due to liquidation.

| |Net Operating Income |$6,600,000 |$12,600,000 |$15,000,000 |$7,800,000 |$3,000,000 | | | | | | | | |Taxes |($2,244,000) |($4,284,000) |($5,100,000) |($2,652,000) |($1,020,000) | |Net Operating Profit After Taxes |$4,356,000 |$8,316,000 |$9,900,000 |$5,148,000 |$1,980,000 | | | | | | | | |Net Income |$4,356,000 |$8,316,000 |$9,900,000 |$5,148,000 |$1,980,000 | |Year |Units Sold | |Price Per Unit Year 1 - 4 | |1 |70,000 | |$300 | |2 |120,000 | | | | | |3 |140,000 | |Price Per Unit Year Five | |4 |80,000

2. Sales increased each year from 2000 to 2002. The difference between the year 2000 and 2001 was a 5.35% increase (5,450-5,173/5,173 = .0535). The difference between the year 2001 and 2002 was a 45.85% increase (7,949-5,450/5,450 = .4585).

LIFO is not a not all that awful marker of conclusion stock in light of the way that the staying stock may be old or not regardless open anymore and you will accomplish a respect that is much lesser then the present costs, this proposes that the LIFO system results in a lower net remuneration in light of the way that the cost of things sold is higher.

During this time, sales increased from: $7.11 billion in 2010 to $7.99 billion in 2012. Earnings improved from $2.84 to $3.57. While the total amount of dividends rose from $1.00 to $1.72. These figures are showing how the company has been continually increasing sales, earnings and dividends over the last three years. In the future, the management predicts that their current strategy will increase returns. As, executives believe that their focus on building the brand and accounting for costs will lead to net earnings of $5.20 to $7.19 annually by

The Last in first out (LIFO) liquidation Inventory valuation method was changed as Inventory level in1984, 1983 and 1984 was decreased by Harnischfeger. By adopting this process, inventory that was purchased at lower cost in previous years was sold at higher prices.

1.0 INTRODUCTION The statutory mandate in U.S. tax law that firms using the last-in first-out (LIFO) inventory costing method for tax purposes must also use LIFO for financial reporting purposes makes inventory accounting an especially interesting research and teaching topic. The constraint on managerial discretion imposed by tax--book conformity

“(..) When no loss of income is expected to take place as a result of a reduction of cost prices of certain goods because others forming components of the same general categories of finished products have a market value (..) or net realizable value (..) equally in excess of cost (..) the guidance on subsequent measurement may be applied directly to the totals of the entire inventory”

| * Inventory in FIFO as of beginning and end of current year, * Cumulative amount of “LIFO Reserve” as of beginning of the current year.

LIFO stands for last-in, first-out, meaning that the most recently purchased items are recorded as sold first. Since the 1970s, U.S. companies have tended to use LIFO, which reduces their income taxes in times of inflation.[1]

In business trade there are many evaluation methods to value the inventory. The last in, first out (LIFO) method is one of the proper methods in inventory valuation method. For some reasons in IAS 2 Inventories it is not able to be used any more, but it is still accepted by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) in the United States of America. LIFO refers that the last importing item of inventory is sold by the first purchased inventory. To use this method will lead to some potential financial questions, especially in the period of inflation. However, using this method can also avoid some questions in the period of inflation. This essay will analyse the main reasons why the USA will continue to accept this method