Financial Analysis : Financial Management

This four-credit course is for students who major in finance. By the end of this course,

There are different types of budgeting that businesses typically use and those include Operating budgets, Capital Budgets and there are many subtypes that exist because a budget can also be created for special events, the recruitment and retention of new staff, and to manage the advertising expenses and return on investments for a business (Demand Media, 1999-2012). According to Demand Media (1999-2012), "An operating budget outlines the total operating expenses and income for the organization, typically for the period of a fiscal year. Capital budgets evaluate the investments and assets of the business, and a cash budget shows the predicted cash flow in and out of the business over a period of time” (para.2 ). According to the Cost-Benefit Analysis (2012), “Capital budgeting has at its core the tool of cost-benefit analysis; it merely extends the basic form into a multi-period analysis, with consideration of the time value of money. In this context, a new product, venture, or investment is evaluated on a start-to-finish basis, with care taken to capture all the impacts on the company, both cost and benefits. When these inputs and outputs are quantified by year, they can then be discounted to present value to determine the net present value of the opportunity at the time of the decision” ("Cost-Benefit Analysis," 2012).

The cash budget is another aspect of budget expectation. The cash budget determines how much cash an organization have on hand, and how much is needed to meet each expense. The cash budget will reveal to companies the availability of any type of surplus the company has for short-term investments.

cognizant of the fact that the choices he makes can affect the price a buyer pays

In outlining a budget there are two phases that must be determined to create a budget, an operating phase and a financial phase. “Developing a new operating budget starts with examining budgets from previous years and identifying what components are going to change, by how much and if any new components need to be added or existing ones reduced or cut” (Budget Challenges, 2012). In the first phase of the budget it needs to be determined how much money is going to be needed to operate the day to day activities of the business.

On December 31, the accounts receivable balance includes $12,000 from November sales and $42,000 from December sales.

Commutronics had not accumulated enough profits and had no sufficient capital reserves. The company’s registered capital was therefore very low. The withholding tax rate of

Cash Budget is the evaluation of cash influx and efflux of a business for a particular period of time.

One great tool is called the cash budget. A cash budget allows you to estimate cash inflow and outflow for a specific period. This tool has been used before to determine if a business has enough cash to operate. Cash budget can also be useful for assessing risk.

Budgeting in a business is important for so many reasons. Business leaders often deal with large amounts of money, and some employees or outsiders might see the organization's revenue as nearly limitless. Regardless of the business cash on hand, though, careful budgeting plays a critical role in any organization's success. Chester & Wayne is a large regional food distribution company and the CEO of the company has asked for some assistance in preparing a budget for their cash flow. With the information provided by CEO, Mr. Wayne, the budget will be carefully planned.

Cash flow forecast – A cash flow forecast is a document that records the expected inflows and outflows of a business.

The central challenge that budget developers encounter is predicting what the future holds for the internal business and external factors. Reading the future is something that can never be done with perfect precision. The fast pace of technological change, the complexities of global competition and world events make developing effective budgets both more difficult and more important.

The economic interest theory of regulation assumes that regulation is created to benefit the private interests of particular groups but at the expense of the general public. The economic assumption is that people will seek to advance their own self-interest above any others and will do so rationally (Deegan 2006). For example, Levine (2006) states that airline regulation has often been used as a good example of economic interest theory. The airline industry was a competitive industry which was subjected to price and entry regulation

Budget and budgetary control practices are undeniably indispensable as organizations routinely go about their business activities and operations. These organizations are constantly on the alert on how actual levels of performance agree with planned or budgeted performance. A budget expresses a plan in monetary terms. It is prepared and approved prior to a particular budgeted period and explicitly may show the income, expenditure and the capital to be employed by organizations in achieving their goals and objectives.

Cash flow forecast estimate the timing and amounts of cash inflows and outflows over a specified period of time, usually one year. It indicates to a business that whether they need to borrow, how much, when, and how it will repay the loan. A cash flow forecast will only ever be as good as the quality of the predictions