Financial: Bond and Money Market

When the debt instrument and the option to acquire common stock are inseparable, as in the case of convertible bonds, the entire proceeds of the bond issue are allocated to the debt and the related premium or discount accounts.

There are organizations that decide to issue bonds in most cases go through a series of six steps:

Bonds require a minimum amount of money to purchase and a minimum length of time to hold on to the bond.

Bonds are a debt investment where investors lend money to a company or entity (i.e. government). Some features of a bond are they have a face value, have a maturity date, used to raise funds, some are tax exempt, risk of default if company goes under, and bought for less than maturity value. One example happened in America during World War II when the government started selling war bonds to help fund the war and to help take money out of circulation to help control spending. At the time you could buy a $25 bond for $18.75 that would mature in 10 years. They give a yield of only 2.9%. There are three main categories of bonds 1) corporate, issued by companies 2) municipal bonds,

For many people, the star market is a popular method for obtaining money quickly. Despite the risks, many people invest their money in stocks. The stock market allows the public to buy shares of a company, or a stock. These shares come in the form of an official document, and grants you a small fraction of the company you invested in. As companies do well, their stocks are worth more. Stocks can be bought and sold through the help of a stockbroker. The goal is to buy a share of a company, then later sell the share for more money than you bought it for. However, the market is risky; this is proven by multiple crashes in the market, resulting in loss of money.

The flow of funds within financial markets is stimulated by the money, bond and mortgage markets. A money market is the trading of highly liquid financial instruments with a duration of one year or less and includes the trading of Treasury bills. Furthermore, bonds are long term investments, with a duration greater than 1 year and are issued by corporations and the U.S. government. In addition, the mortgage market creates loans to finance the real estate market. Once mortgages are issued on a property, banking institutions securitize the mortgages and sell them on the secondary market (CSU Global, 2016). Due to the scale of these three markets they have an extensive impact on the monetary supply and economy.

Monetary policy comes for the nation’s central bank, “The Federal Reserve System (commonly called the Fed) in the United States is one of the largest such “banks” in the world. The fundamentals of its operations are useful for highlighting the various measures that can constitute monetary policy.” (britannica). The central banks use liquidity to help start growth in the economy though Monetary policy. The amount of how much is in the money supply is Liquidity, which includes money market mutual funds, credit, checks

The “Stock Market” is a term that actually describes several markets such as the New York Stock Exchange NASDAQ, where the stocks of companies are traded. Shares in a company are sold and the shareholders then become part owners of the company. Offering shares of stock raises money for continued research and development of company products or services.

Being a stockholder can have great rewards like a viable source of income, or an eggs nest for retirement, however it does have its downsides as well. Owning stock in a corporation bears the risk of losing all one’s investment if the company goes bankrupt. Aside from financial benefits, owning stock allows stockholders to have a voice (however small it may be) in the company’s direction.

* The value of the stock may see an upward trend thus increasing the initial investor’s financial wealth

The Stock Market is a vast and confusing setting. It has influence on many aspects of the economy like pensions, bond markets, and even retirement accounts. However, many aren 't educated about how the Stock market works, how it affects the economy, the difference between stocks versus bond and mutual funds, nor the amount of illegal activities taking part within the stock market.

The above links address some of these issues. In other words, the bond market is a market in which the bonds of corporations and governments are traded (i.e., banks, etc.) and transacted in various settings (i.e., banks, private sectors, government agencies) and in various ways (i.e, over the counter, electronically, telephone, etc.) www.econ100.com/eu5e/open/glossary.html.

Along with the many different characteristics of bonds such as, the way the pay their interest, the market they are issued in, the currency they are payable in, protective features and their legal status. Bond issuers may be governments, corporations, special purpose trusts or even non-profit organizations. Usually it is the type of issuer or the particular nature of a bond that sets it apart in its own category.

Stocks (or shares), by definition, are shares of ownership in a company. By purchasing stocks in a company, the investor becomes a part owner, and thereby owns a percentage share of the company’s after tax profits. Stocks/shares have two key characteristics: 1) they can be issued in small denominations: an investor can purchase as many or as few shares in a company as he/ she wants, thereby becoming a

Gittman (2004, pp. 312) divided stock into two types, such as common stock and preferred stock. He also showed that dividends are the outcome of investment. So, common stocks are an ownership claim against primarily real or productive asset (Higgins, 1995), but he also said that if the company prospers, stockholders are the chief beneficiaries, if it falters, they are the chief losers. Smith (1988) presented that stocks are one of the most popular forms of investment. People buy stocks for various reasons: some are interested in the long-term growth of their investment by buying low priced stock of a new company in the hope of substantially growth of share price over the next few years. Another reason he suggested that in a well established firm stockholders expect the stock growth will be stable over the long run. (Smith,1988).