Financial Ratios and Sales

• LIABILITY – All liability rests in the sole proprietors shoulders. There is no hiding from liabilities of the company for the owner, nor is the business sheltered from liabilities of the proprietor. • INCOME TAXES – Since the owner and his/her business are one in the same, all income is then treated as personal income to the

* An owner has unlimited liability both personally and as the company owner. Liability is a disadvantage in a sole proprietorship.

Liability: The owner/operator of a Sole Proprietorship is subject to full and unlimited financial liability for the business. The owner and the company are legally the same entity. The company’s assets are legally the same as the owner’s personal assets.

Liability – There are several liability within sole proprietorship. As the owner you are a

The following report is a brief comparative analysis of two of Australia’s largest deposit-taking financial institutions (FI), Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Ltd. (ANZ) and Westpac Banking Corporation (Westpac). This report seeks to identify which of the FIs has a greater aggregate return per dollar of equity and thus establish the highest performer, or most profitable, of the two. The Return on Equity Model (ROE) (Koch & MacDonald,

LIABILITY – The owner is held responsible for all debts and expenses accrued by the company via the concept of unlimited liability. If the expenses and debts aren’t satisfied, the owner of the business can be sued for breach of contract.

Sole proprietorships and partnerships generally have a tax advantage over many corporations, especially large ones.

* Unlimited Liability - The liability of the sole proprietor is unlimited. This implies that, in case of loss the

12. Today, you deposit $10,750 in a bank account that pays 3 percent simple interest. How much interest will you earn over the next 7 years?

The last business option that will be discussed is the Corporation. A Corporation is “a fictitious legal entity that is created according to statutory requirements” (Cheeseman 478). The biggest advantage of a corporation is the protection of personal assets. Shareholders, directors and officers are typically not liable for the company’s debts and obligations. This is limited to the amount of money they have invested into the corporation. Since the corporation is separate from the owners, transfer of ownership is an easy task. Also corporations are generally taxed at a lower rate than individuals in the United States. A corporation is not as simple to form or maintain as other business formations. Articles of incorporation must be filed with the secretary of state and an organizational meeting must be held to elect a board of directors. A corporation also requires, at the least, an annual report so that creditors that do business with the corporation can determine the creditworthiness of the corporation. Also the corporation is taxed on its profits

b. What is the future value of this annuity if the payments are invested in an account paying

Proprietorships have three advantages: they are easy and inexpensive to form, subject to few regulations, and no corporate income taxes. The disadvantages are difficult to raise capital, unlimited liability and limited life. Partnership are similar to proprietorships in that they can be stablished relatively easily and inexpensively. The partners are generally subject to unlimited personal liability, this makes it difficult for partnerships to raise large amount of capital. Corporation also have unlimited lives, and easy transfer of ownership, limited liability and ease of raising capital to operate larger businesses. The disadvantages are double taxation, the corporation’s earnings are taxed; and then when its after-tax earnings are paid out as dividends, those earnings are taxed again as personal income to the stockholders. Limited liability reduces the risks endure by investors; and other things held constant, the lower the firm’s risk, the higher its

11. A 65-year-old wishes to convert the cash value of his insurance policy into an annuity. He can select an annuity that will last 15 years or one that lasts 20 years. If the cash value is $450,000 and interest rates are 5.25%, how much less per year will he receive if he chooses the 20-year annuity?

Question 1. 1. (TCOs B, C) The difference between the rate of return on assets and the cost of borrowing is: (Points : 5)

Financial results and conditions vary among companies for a number of reasons. One reason for the variation can be traced to the characteristics of the industries in which companies operate. For example, some industries require large investments in property, plant, and equipment (PP&E), while others require very little. In some industries, the competitive productpricing structure permits companies to earn significant profits per sales dollar, while in other industries the product-pricing structure imposes a much lower profit margin. In most low-margin industries, however, companies often experience a relatively high rate of product throughput. A second reason for some of the