3101AFE
TUTORIAL 2 - Semester 2 2013
Deegan Topics 2 and 3:
The financial reporting environment and Regulation of financial accounting
2.1 What expectations do accounting standard-setters have about the accounting knowledge of financial statement readers?
Accounting standard-setters have an expectation that the readers of general purpose financial reports have a ‘reasonable knowledge’ of accounting. Specifically, the IASB Framework states that ‘users are expected to have a reasonable knowledge of business and economic activities and accounting and a willingness to study the information with reasonable diligence’. Hence, there is an expectation that financial statements are not tailored to meet the needs of people
…show more content…
There are differences in opinion about the efficiency of markets, such as the capital market.
A further point that could be raised in relation to this question is that accounting ‘profits’ are not a comprehensive measure of organisational performance, given that accounting profits typically disregard many of the social and environmental implications of a reporting entity.
2.7 Pursuant to capture theory, how, by whom and why would a regulator be captured?
Pursuant to capture theory, while regulation might initially be introduced in the public interest, the regulatory mechanisms are often subsequently captured by those groups that are subject to the regulation. The regulated parties seek to capture the regulatory process so that they can then act to ensure that any subsequent regulations to not disadvantage them. This chapter referred to the work of Walker (1987) who provided evidence that the Australian accounting profession was able to capture the government controlled accounting standard-setter (at the time, the standard-setter was known as the Accounting Standards Review Board). Across various industries there has been historical evidence of related regulatory bodies being captured by
Wells Fargo shows a much higher profitability ratio than Samsung, with over 8X that of Samsung. This is to be expected as services are typically more profitable than hardware sales which operate on leaner margins. Wells Fargo also outperforms Samsung significantly on return on sales with over 25X better performance. This again is attributable to better margins on services than hardware. Wells Fargo has a much stronger return on equity than Samsung with a Dupont ratio over 5X higher than Samsung's. Samsung has a stronger financial leverage ratio than Wells Fargo with almost 20% lower ratio for Samsung. Samsung also has a much lower total asset turnover than Wells Fargo. This is attributable to the quick turnover of assets in the manufacturing industry compared to the slow turnover of assets in the financial services sector.
As the business environment grows and companies find new ways to expand into their respective - or even new – markets, it is important that reporting standards stay up to date with changes and continue to assist companies in providing their users with useful accounting information. Information is labelled as being useful when it meets the
The Report describes a proposal for the group of 20 of doctors with regard to the creating a hospital. Due to the 500,000 population of the city $100 million dollars would actually be a great start. Because the facility would be located 30 miles from the downtown area it would allow the facility to attract patients without being crowded. On the downside this affects its financial position and market condition because of distance. A lot of patients are not able to get to the doctor due to the high gas prices. Using various strategies, such as looking into ways to connect with public transportation to deal with this problem and gain
1. What was the Kanthal president, Ridderstråle, attempting to accomplish with the Account Management System? Are these sensible goals?
The following expanded annotated bibliography will be look at the topic of electronic monitoring, it will be providing the reader with sufficient information how it could potentially be better for our society, it will also be providing studies and researches conducted on electronic monitoring
The accounting system we use today started in Venice in renaissance period over 520 years ago. The trade business increased hugely during this time and all the financial recordings had to be written down to help people see how their business is doing. During that time in 1494 the first book about was published in accounting by Luca Paciolli and was called “The Collected Knowledge of Arithmetic, Geometry, Proportion and Proportionality”. He was called “The father of Accounting” and most of his described principles have been used up until this day.
Thus, it was seen as necessary to maintain the integrity of the profession of accounting as
An income statement measures the performance over some period of time, usually a quarter or a year (Ross, Westerfield, Bradford (2014) p. 27). There are three aspects of an income statement that a financial manager needs to keep in mind when analyzing the numbers; GAAP, cash versus noncash item, and time and costs. GAAP will show revenue when it accrues. The general rule is to recognize revenue when the earnings process is virtually complete and the value of an exchanges of goods or services is known or can be reliably determined (Ross, Westerfield, Bradford (2014) p. 28). As some production costs of items produced are made on credit, the revenue on that item will not be recognized until the sale of that item occurs. Any other costs incurred in assembling that product will also not be recognized until the time of its sale. With this situation occurring, the income statement might not be able to represent all the actual cash flows during the particular period being evaluated.
Do you like to play video games? The world of video games is mainly represented by males. Some people in this industry are trying to push more representation of the females who play these games. Many people are supporting this and pushing the change but some are opposed to it. Gaming design is influenced by preexisting sexist ideas.
Unlike here in the United States., financial statements of foreign companies are not always readily accessible. Most importantly, it is often not in English. However, an analyst or any interested party can always obtain a convenience translation of financial statements either through pay-database-services or by requesting it directly from the companies. Of course, different currency is also a concern. Yet, it can easily overcome by converting and translating previous years’ balances as well as current year’s balances (and line items) at current year currency exchange rate; this helps eliminating distortion and translation adjustments. Nevertheless, some other serious concerns such as terminologies discrepancies, general accepted accounting principles (GAAP) differences, and financial ratio analysis may still arise when analyzing “translated” foreign financial statements (Doupnik & Perera, 2012) .
Financial Statements basically show the historical performance or record of the company at some previous point of time. By the time when financial statements are made public, changes are many economical areas such as market conditions, currency exchange rate and inflations can change the values of assets and liabilities. In this case there often exist discrepancies between book value of assets and their market values.
It is unknown when Geoffrey Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales, but it is assumed that he wrote it in 1387. There are many different aspects and themes throughout this paper that are very prominent. One theme that is very important is the importance of company. This entire tale is about twenty-nine pilgrims who all tell tales while on a pilgrimage to the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket in Canterbury. The importance of company is that this is a pilgrimage that requires companions and friendship. Though they are not a tightly knit group of friends, they all keep one another company on this long and treacherous journey. The most important theme that will begin the discussion throughout this paper is the corruption of the church. Chaucer shows many different aspects of the church in this tale. He displays different characters that show different sides of the church.
Earnings and profit are related, but not exactly the same. They are different in the terms of how they are calculated. Earnings and profit calculations are often used to determine the financial health of a business. They are typically used in reporting business income to tax authorities as well. New business owners usually make mistakes, they want to see the large number of sales on financial statements, if the number of sales is high they think they operate good, but they should actually look at how much they are profiting.
The balance sheet and Income statement are the most important financial statements of the company that help conduct current analysis of company and evaluate its trends overtime. The balance sheet represents the company snapshots of its financial position on the last days of accounting period. Apple balance sheets, which represent a snapshot of its ending balances in asset, liability and equity account as of the date stated on the report, are changes each year from 2003 to 2014. On the other hand, the income statement shows its financial performance over 2003 to 2014. Apple basically ends its accounting period in September. Most of the long-term debts are in the form of the bonds. According to appleinsider.com, Apple recently issues a new euro bond worth about $2.26 billion with a maturity date on January 17, 2024 and coupon rate of 1.375% payable annually. The first payment will occur on January 17, 2016. Moody’s recently assigned a rating of Aa to Apple Inc. 's senior unsecured note issuance. Thus, Apple recent capital expenditure amount to 11,488 million according to morningstar.com. The analysis of financial statements is conduct to compare Apple with one of its closest rival Hewlett-Packard and twelve ratio were calculated. From table1 and chart1, the current ratio that determine the company ability to meet its short term obligation shows Apple’s current ratio is higher than that of Hewlett-Package from 2003 to 2014. That is, Apple is solvent than Hewlett Packard. Table
Organisations have adopted integrated reporting to strengthen the communication of their overall performance to internal and external stakeholders. Consumers are becoming increasingly aware of the environmental and social impact corporations are having on the planet. As a result of the conscious consumer the types of information reported by entities in their annual reports and media releases are becoming more focused on portraying a green image. This change in the nature of reporting has given rise to the debate of if a company should be socially and environmentally responsible when they were designed to only think about profit. In addition to the idea that corporations should be reporting on a wider scope of their impact, there has been discussions on the regulation of the reporting of non-financial performance and if this information have the same qualitative characteristics that the financial information is required to follow.