Finc415 Exam 1 Essays

These changes will in turn make companies more competitive, expand markets for businesses, as well as increase trade across borders. However, most importantly the euro is intended to create financial market stability within the participating countries. By eliminating the movements of exchange rate and all reference to them, the European Central Bank will control interest rates and inflation. This will lead to less uncertainty and create new opportunities for success.

The financial crisis of 2008 has been described as the worst financial crisis the world has seen since the great depression, but there are now murmurings of the potential for an even greater financial crisis, a currency crisis, caused by the demise of the US Dollar. The Dollar has been the reserve currency of the world since it took over from the Pound at the end of world war two, but we examine if it is about to crash spectacularly?

The EU sought to simplify trade within European neighbors and to replace national currencies with a single shared currency that could compete with the dollar on the global stage. The members of the newly-formed European Union agreed to a fixed currency conversion rate when the Euro was adopted (Scheller). Initially, the EU only had 11 members, but membership has since grown to 25 member nations. These 25 member countries operate within what is called the Eurozone, over which the European Central Bank sets economic policy

4) The path that led to adoption of the euro was set down in the:

There would be no significant impact on any economies as long as exchange rates are flexible.

This article is mainly focus on the devaluation and depreciations of Australian dollar against US dollar, euro, pound and yen comparing in terms of floating exchange rate. The phenomena behind fixed exchange rate and floating rate is; fixed exchange rate is a rate that is set or fixed by the government or central bank to maintain its currency against gold or another major currency such US dollar or the currency basket. In fixed exchange rate, the country’s central bank or other concerns will maintain exchange rate by buying and selling its own currency on foreign exchange. The article was focusing on successful parties and defeated parties due to Australian dollar fluctuations.

Dollarization is the process in which nations “replace their domestic currencies [with foreign legal tender] …to obtain economic growth and stability” (Rivera-Solis 330). The US dollar is the most common choice of exchange in this practice, though the adoption of other first world states currencies may be entertained as well. Though its effects are not instant, US dollarization has brought many gradual benefits to the economic statuses of several countries. There are two types of dollarization: official and unofficial. In the process of official dollarization, a state gives complete monetary control to a foreign nation, ceding its right to both create a central bank and issue a domestic form of currency. Where as a nation loses its sovereignty to make decisions concerning its money supply in official dollarization, unofficial dollarization allows states to keep most of its control in place. Nations who implement dollarization unofficially keep their ability to own a central bank to fall back on, in cases of economic emergency, and regulate their own currency. Some studies encourage the promotion of official dollarization, while other scorn it’s outcome and option for its slighter counterpart, partial dollarization, instead. This paper explores the differences in both policies and the effects of dollarization on four separate nations: El Salvador, Panama, Zimbabwe, and the British Virgin

With no need to defend an exchange rate and no need to thwart an externally sourced currency crisis and no need to defend against speculators, there would be no need for the Central Bank of those three countries to

1. High capital mobility is forcing emerging market nations to choose between free-floating regimes and currency board or dollarization regimes. What are the main outcomes of each of these regimes from the perspective of emerging market nations?

Arguments against flexible exchange rates include the arguments that they cause uncertainty, they inhibit international trade and that they allow destabilizing speculation. Arguments against fixed rates include that they cause uncertainty, they inhibit international trade and they allow destabilizing speculation. Contrast the situation in one country with a fixed exchange rate with one country that has a floating rate and explain the impact of the fixed and floating rates.

Understanding the relationships among world currencies is vital to successful operations in a global economy. There is money to be made by managers who can effectively manage exchange rates in the course of their business dealings. There is money to be lost by managers who fail to recognize the significance of these rate relationships.

There are three main elements to the alleged economic benefits provided by Eurozone membership, they are: (1) the reduction of transaction costs of converting currency; (2) the reduction of exchange rate risk; and (3) increased transparency in price comparison (Minford, 2004, 2008; Mulhearn & Vane, 2005).

In 1999 seventeen countries in the European Union adopted the Euro forming a Euro Area. With the adoption of the Euro these seventeen countries discontinued their old currencies and monetary policies. Monetary Policies

The Euro system’s main function is to define and implement the euro area’s monetary policy. Its basic tasks include achieving price stability; holding foreign exchange operations; managing the official foreign reserves of participating EU countries; driving on the operation of payment systems; and conducting the policies of governmental responsible for the prudential supervision of credit institutions and the stability of the

A fixed exchange rate regime will offer an economy greater stability in international prices and therefore encourage trade. Additionally, for developing countries a fixed rate will assist in promoting institutional discipline as the country will adopt restrictive monetary and fiscal policies that foster an anti-inflationary environment. A significant weakness of a fixed rate is that it is subject to destabilizing speculative attacks which could lead to financial meltdowns and devastating economic contractions. A floating exchange rate regime allows central banks to combat macroeconomic factors such as unemployment, inflation, and interest rates without having to worry about the effect on exchange rates. However, developing countries whose economies depend on trade will be reluctant to allow their exchange rates to fluctuate freely.