Fire Protection needs Protection of the Law
In 1864 Major Stewart Harrison, an English Engineer, gave to the world the first Automatic Sprinkler Head, his design was also in fact superior to many that followed it. But, as so often happens, it was not Mr. Harrison who gave the automatic sprinkler a practical development, and it is Henry Parmelee, of Newhaven, Conn., and Frederick Grinnell, of Providence, R.I., that the credit must be awarded for giving to the Automatic Sprinkler its practical application and laying the foundation of what is now a worldwide industry (Wormald Web). Until now, sprinklers are been
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During the demonstration, Mr. Parmelee installed the system in a Wholesale Market made of wooden shed (20ft x 30ft), which he fitted with six of his Sprinklers. The floor was strewed with a mass of chips, shavings, tallow, cask shavings, barrels, etc, all well saturated with paraffin oil. Then, light was set in three different places. Immediately huge volumes of flames burst forth and drove the spectators back some distance from the shed. In one minute and twenty seconds the first Sprinkler opened, followed by two others, and in a short time not a vestige of the fire remained (Wormald). Spectators were amazed and given deep impression by the demonstration. Later, insurance company learned the importance of having automatic sprinkler installed, would reduce the financial loss ratio to fire. So more insurance companies began raising the insurance for large business and commercial buildings, forcing business owners to install automatic fire sprinkler systems to lower the payments. Mr. Parmelee was able to convince the insurance company and getting contract from mill owners; creating the world's first fire sprinkler company. His vision of making the system practical finally became real.
Into the late 20th century and early 21st century, automatic fire sprinkler has became mandatory by law
There is quite a debate when it comes to the idea of controlled fires to protect nature. Many agree that the benefits out way the risks but many also believe that a controlled fire is too dangerous to take that chance. If proper steps are taken, the outcome of the process is not only safe but also effective.
The department decided to investigate this particular topic to determine which nozzle would be more beneficial when a firefighter is in a burning commercial structure. The smooth bore shoots out more water per second but at a straight stream. The combination nozzle shoots out more water droplets at a wider stream. Both processes are functional when putting out a fire. However, the combination nozzle can act as a barrier or wall against flames and smoke because it shoots at such a wide pattern. At the same time because the combination nozzle system shoots out water droplets, the droplets produce steam. The steam that is now present is more harmful to firefighters, which can be prevented by keeping the smooth bore nozzle in place.
The effectiveness of the law in achieving justice for those seeking and providing shelter is ineffective. There is no right to shelter under Australian statue law; however, the Australian government provides a safety net with social housing and the first home buyer’s grant. The right to shelter is internationally recognised by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Social, Cultural and Economic Rights(ICSCER), however, this is not enforceable. Law reform in Australia is a substantial aspect of the legal system which significantly protects the rights of those who seek shelter, it evolves with society’s changing values. This is delineated in its role in conveyancing, leasing, aged care facilities,
There are many areas in the fire service where potential lawsuits and liability can arise; some of these areas include, but are most definitely not limited to negligence, hazing, and not following the fire department’s SOPs/SOGs. As our society has changed, so has its expectations of those in emergency services—while many in the community may think of firefighters as the pinnacle of what an upstanding citizen must look like, there are countless moral and ethical pitfalls that firefighters can fall prey to and diminish the reputation of the fire service.
You have asked the following question: “We have a high school project with a noncombustible gymnasium. The entire school is protected with a fire sprinkler system per NFPA 13. The angled seating structure is stair stepped concrete to allow for elevated seating. The area under the seating is designated as storage with full height doors and has an angled inverted stair step ceiling. Does this storage area under the seating require fire sprinkler protection?” In response to your question, we have reviewed NFPA 13, 2013 edition that you indicated as the applicable standard. Our informal interpretation is that fire sprinklers are installed throughout the premises and would be required for the storage area.
I selected the article “Duty to Warn and Protect: Not in Texas” for review, as it applies to the state in which I reside. The article cites Texas Health and Safety Codes, based on a 1999 Texas Supreme Court ruling that states counselors do not have a duty to warn or protect. Having a duty to warn and protect is defined as protecting clients or others from perceived harm (Jackson-Cherry & Erford, 2014). An example would be that a client tells their counselor in a confidential session that he is considering stabbing his ex-girlfriend. The duty to warn would mean the counselor should notify authorities and the ex-girlfriend thus breaking confidentiality. The duty to protect would be to admit client to a facility for the client to be assessed for a propensity for violence towards the ex-girlfriend. This became important after a 1969 incident where a counselor, had a client expressed harm towards a girl and the counselor contacted the authorities, yet never contacted the girl, who was subsequently killed by the client a few months later, known as the Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California case (Jackson-Cherry & Erford, 2014).
Today’s building construction also lends itself into the deaths of firefighters. We see everyday about building collapsing in on our guys while they are fighting fire. The builders and engineers are always coming up with lighter materials and cheaper ways to make things to save them money on construction to boost their bottom lines with out due regard for safety to others especially firefighters. A light weight wood frame truss will fail under fire conditions in a little as five to eight minutes. Given the time that the fire is discovered and called into dispatch, the time they have to turn the call around and dispatch units, one minute to get enroute, and if they can get on scene within five minutes, another couple of minutes to pull hose lines and enter the building, your are on the threshold of a roof collapse. Then we also put guys on the roof to ventilate thus weakening the roof even more. All this for a house that the insurance company is going to tear down anyway and
Connell, II, Disaster Management Solutions Inc., MA [M] Melody Eady, Georgia Fire Academy, GA [SE] Richard J. S. Karasaki, Jr., Honolulu Fire Department, HI [U] Wesley V. Kitchel, Santa Rosa Fire Department, CA [L] Timothy A. Kovacs, Phoenix Fire Department, AZ [L] Timothy J. Lombardi, Cuyahoga Falls Fire Department, OH [L] Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section J. Michael McCreary, American Emergency Response Training, TN [SE] Robert N. Moody, Montgomery County, Maryland, MD [L] Robert E. Rhea, Fairfax County Fire & Rescue Department, VA [U] Brian Rousseau, State of New York, NY [E] Robert J. Schappert, III, U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission, DC [U] Peter M. Schecter, Government of the British Virgin Islands, British Virgin Islands [E] Rep. International Association of Fire Chiefs Ralph Sproul, Chevron Products Company, CA [U] Michael L. Walker, Oklahoma City Fire Department, OK [U] Charles A. Wehrli, Spec Rescue, IL [SE] Ernest R. Wright, Wright Rescue Solutions, Inc., FL [SE] Leonard E. Yox, Maryland Fire and Rescue Institute, MD [SE] Andrea Zaferes, Lifeguard Systems, RIPTIDE, AZ Training, NY [SE] Alternates Brad Eveland, U.S. Air Force, AK [E] (Voting Alt. to U.S. Air Force Rep.) Fred J. Jackson, Cuyahoga Falls Fire Department, OH [L] (Alt. to T. J. Lombardi) Rep. NFPA Fire Service Section Frank E. Florence, NFPA Staff Liaison
At around 0030 11/16/16 I Sr. Officer Chad Stephenson of Siena Heights University (SHU) Department of Public Safety (DPS) was approached by resident student Stanley Saunders to report that his jacket was stolen out of his dorm room 409 on 11/15/16 between 1400-2300. Saunders stated that after he come back from a meeting at around 1230 he took his jacket off and but it on his bed. Then at around 1400 the left his room to go and hung out with some friends, when he came back at around 2300 he noticed his jacket was missing. Saunders searched his room, and talked with his roommates to see if any of them seen it but they all said no. The jacket is described as an Black North Face theremoball full zip up and is a size XL, Saunders states that he only bought it around a month ago.
For years if not decades, firefighters have responded to a reported structure fire that turned out to be a fully involved single room. This fire scenario requires a core set of fire tactics and skills to control and extinguished the fire, but is it this simple? Perhaps twenty years it may have been, but new dangers are lurking in every scenario and may have detrimental outcomes for unsuspecting and unaware firefighters and victims. The National Institute of Science and Technology (NIST) agency along with the Underwriters Laboratory (UL) have been conducting research to understand fire behavior and fire dynamics. This research is providing firefighters with new information about how and why
The fire that I wanted to write about is the 1944 Ringling Brothers Circus tent fire in Hartford, Connecticut. This fire killed 169 people and injured another 700. This building was 520 feet long and 180 feet wide and had a new waterproof canvas that was a mixture of 6,000 gallons of white gas and 1,800 pounds of paraffin. At the time this was
Reporters rely on sources to provide the news they publish, and those sources might not want to share information out of fear that they’ll get in trouble for sharing it. Privileges in reporter were developed to protect journalists. Reporter 's privilege in the United States is the protection that a reporter has under constitutional law from being forced to reveal their confidential information or sources in court. It may be described in the US as the First Amendment right given to journalists to protect their private sources from being exposed.
The automatic fire sprinkler system was one of the earliest sprinkler systems placed into effect. The origin of the modern day automatic sprinkler system dates back to the early 1800’s. The first automatic sprinkler system was created in England in the 1806 by John Carey. It consisted of a pipe with valves held closed by counterweights attached by string. When flames burned through the string the counterweight dropped to the floor, which opened the valve that released the water and extinguished the fire. As the 1800’s progressed, the basic pipe system for sprinklers was becoming more prevalent across England. It began to pop up in textile mills all through out the country. In 1864, as sprinkler system use grew, Major Stewart Harrison of
I truly enjoyed reading the material for this week 's discussion. I found it fascinating to read how these people of passion were so revered as leaders. Something I found difficult while reading the stories of these various leaders was the details of what they did within their respective industries that made them successful. Although I recognize the importance of the details, I found myself continually fanaticizing about how the many different approaches would directly translate to the fire service. Because of the uniqueness of the fire service as an industry, I found it easier to relate to themes and concepts rather than the details. 'Strengths Based Leadership ' by Tom Rath and Barry Conchie For example Simon Cooper stated: "people create memories, not things. If we ask guests what color the carpet was in their guest room, they probably won 't know. The real value comes from the ladies and gentlemen (employees) who bring that hotel to life. Ten percent is the platform, but the rest is people. (Rath & Conchie, 2008, p. 43) As I read this I couldn 't help but think of the fact that our customers in the emergency response world (fire service) likely remember more about how we treat them than what uniform we wear or what kind of apparatus we arrive in, so long as we bring true caring and compassion to their bedside. In addition Cooper 's people over platform approach was obvious in this Rath & Conchie description: "then when he talked of the night-and-day difference that a
The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health will not change legislation regarding safety in the near future.