First British Settlers in Australia Essay

As a result of the Europeans killing their people and stealing their land, the Aborigines did fight back. Even though settlers seemingly had much better weapons, Indigenous Australians had a much better understanding of the land they lived on and had other means of resisting the ways of the Europeans. Pemulwuy, for example, was respected by both his people, and the white men who opposed him. He fought for the lives of his people, to protect them and preserve the beliefs and practices that the Europeans wanted to eradicate. The Indigenous Australians’ culture is still often taught and practiced these days, so even though Pemulwuy was murdered in 1802, along with many others, the impact of their efforts was necessary for the development of the Australian multicultural society.

In 1755 Herefordshire, England, William Eggleton was conceived. William's family was exceptionally poor likewise, he was a laborer with very little cash so was compelled to steal. 39 shillings worth of attire was taken on his behalf. At 31 years old his trial was held on Wednesday, 22 March 1786. William was discovered liable of robbery in this manner was sentenced 7 years of transportation to Australia. 13 May 1787, came the depature of William who travelled on the "Alexander." As this was the first arrangement of vessels to leave England with convicts, it was known as the First Fleet. 195 other male convicts travelled with him for 241 days until they achieved the shore of Botany Bay on the 18th January 1788.

-White settlement affected the Indigenous people in a number of ways”{They} made them (the Aboriginals) outcasts on their own land*” by calling it terra nullius under the English Law, despite knowing the existence of the Aboriginals. Terra nullius is a latin term that means “land that belongs to no one.”They believed it belonged to no one because the Aboriginals didn’t use the land in the same way as the British. The Aboriginals believed that Mother Nature would provide them with what they needed, so they didn’t need to hunt and mark the land. The British completely ignored the deep spiritual connections the Aboriginals had with the land. They cut down trees, put up fences and built towns. They believed they had to own the land. But the Aboriginals were outraged when saw the settlers building farms where they had originally been hunting and gathering at, this was because there wasn’t enough food for them. They killed many white settlers in revenge and a clash of cultures began. Pemulwuy was an Aboriginal warrior that lead raids against the British. He also speared John McIntyre, Governor Phillip's gamekeeper, in December 1790. When the Indigenous people resisted the British, it lead to many conflicts which eventually left a irreversible damage to the lives of Indigenous people.

It is well studied by health authorities that the current health statistics of the Indigenous population today are clearly reflected on their health status, due to the impacts of the colonisation process. The relating problems associated with this have resulted in destructive families and communities. It is unquestionable that Indigenous Australians were adapted to the environment in which people lived and had control on every feature of their life during the colonisation period. According to ‘The Deplorable State of Aboriginal Ill Health, Chapter 1’ (2014), studies that show that numerous infectious diseases; such as, smallpox and the flu, were not present in the pre-invasion period. It is also shown that lifestyle diseases such as high BP, diabetes and heart diseases were not known to exist.

In 1788 the colonists had to follow Governor Phillip’s instructions, which declared that “the Aboriginals were to be protected and friendly relations were encouraged.” Phillip had to follow and pass on these instructions as they were given to him in the document labelled today as the ‘Draught Instructions for Governor Phillip,’ which can be seen in Source 2. However, as the British began to settle they cleared the land and fenced waterholes. They showed no respect for sacred sites and broke laws the Indigenous people had followed for many ages. The Europeans did not understand their way of life but as they gained knowledge they continued taking land and breaking indigenous laws. Slowly more encounters between Europeans and Aboriginal people occurred. In May, 1788, two convicts were found dead in Rushcutters Bay, killed by Aborigines. In Source 1, the proclamation to the Aboriginal people can be seen. It gives an example of how the British were still planning to treat the Aboriginal people equally, if they obeyed the law. However, it stated that the law was for the Aboriginal people to live in the European ways, which took away their own traditional customs. This illustrates conflict that arose, but peace was still trying to be made through positive relationships between

In 1607, English settlers came to America to create a colony and make money. English investors helped pay for settling the James River colony. Although, 70 colonists died in the first six months. The colony known as Jamestown was settled along the Chesapeake Bay. The land inhabited by Native Americans called the Powhatans.

It has been estimated that between 1788 and 1900, the Indigenous population of Australia was reduced by 90%. The three overarching reasons for this dramatic population decline included, the introduction of new diseases, settler acquisition of Indigenous lands and direct and violent conflict with the British colonisers. The most immediate and critical consequence of the invasion was the wave of epidemic diseases which spread ahead of the settlement frontier and annihilated many Indigenous communities. These infectious diseases included smallpox, measles and influenza, all diseases that the indigenous people had never suffered from in epidemic proportions. Within only fourteen months of the arrival of the First Fleet, Governor Phillip reported that smallpox had killed half of the Indigenous people in the Sydney region.

Colonialism in Australia places a detrimental threat to the health of Indigenous Australians. Inherent in colonialism were scientific racisms, institutional racism and structural violence. These factors continues to persist in the fabric of Australian society today and limits the life chances of Indigenous Australians. This essay illuminates colonialism as a major contributor to the social marginalisation and low socioeconomic status experienced by indigenous Australian. An analysis of Aboriginal infant mortality rate, a health indicator highlights the difference between biomedical and sociological approach and the embedded negative impact of social marginalisation and low socioeconomic status on the health of Indigenous Australians. The

forcefully creating displacement and confinement for these different tribes. As the Europeans and aboriginal groups spoke different languages there was little to no proper communication but force of arms and violence. Land that had been passed down through generations

Before the First Fleet arrived there were not many illnesses spreading amongst the Aboriginal tribes, which means that they did not have a cure for the diseases that the First Fleet carried. Diseases such as typhoid, chicken pox, smallpox, measles, and influenza were spread around causing the Aboriginal population to decrease rapidly. Due to the fact that many Aboriginals became sick; fertility and birth rates were reduced (Skwirk Online Education). Smallpox was one of the deadliest diseases that was to spread, Both Settlers and Aboriginals that caught the disease were unlikely to survive.

European settlement meant that the settlers took over the land that was once occupied by the Aboriginal people was taken over for pastoral purposes. This also meant the increase of British immigrants. Many Aboriginal groups took live stock from the Europeans as they were running out of food. The Europeans saw this as stealing. This led to Guerrilla tactics destroying livestock, flocks and homesteads. Small battles were inevitable as the Europeans took over more and more land. The aim of the Europeans was to clear the lands of Aborigines and to commission the entire land for themselves. Diseases were introduced such as measles, chicken pox and influenza in which the Aboriginal communities were not immune to, wiping out entire communities. As

Believe it or not, there are more conflicts between settlers and natives around the world than we think. The Indigenous Australians are made up of Torres Strait Islanders and Aboriginal people. When the British settlers arrived in Australia, they destroyed the indigenous Australian culture.

The first settlers arrived in Australia 35,000 years ago during the great ice age. The sea levels lowered between Indonesia and New Guinea and created a land bridge that would allow nomadic tribes to cross from Southeast Asia. Like many other humans of that epoch, they were hunters and gatherers and traveled from place to place in search of young creatures. Thousands of years after these drifters arrived; the glaciers thawed and brought up the seas once again, which kept the citizenry of Australia permanently in that esteem.

At the time of the settlement, life like for Indigenous Australians was not fair. It was due to unintended and intended impacts, conflicts and values. Indigenous people were sent to missions and protectorates. Here they were taught English language and customs, while at the same time being kept away from European countries. The settlers wanted to take away their beliefs and put in their places the settler’s beliefs. Diseases such as smallpox, common cold and tuberculosis were introduced by the Europeans settlers and had a dramatic effect on the Aboriginal population. By the 1700s, conflict between the European and Aboriginal people

It is arguable that the settlement of the British colonisation resulted in murder, brutality, disrespect and racism for about 200 years for the Aboriginals. Conflicts between the tribes and the settlement resulted in the reduced number of the Aboriginal population. Newly introduced diseases like measles, influenza and smallpox also reduced the population of the aborigines because they didn’t have the immunity power to cope with it. Due to malnutrition, lack of clean water and lack of food supply the Aborigines died because the land which they were driven from, had all the supply they needed. It’s acceptable to say that the settlement misunderstood the Aborigines thinking that they were uncultured, archaic and without the help