First Time And New Mothers Who Use Social Media

The presence of risk factors does not guarantee that a woman will experience PPD, but it may indicate that the health care provider should pay a little more attention to possible signs and symptoms of depression. Known risk factors include depression or other mental illness prior to, and during, pregnancy, a family history of depression or other mental health disorders, a history of substance abuse, the age of the mother, financial concerns, lack of a support system, and being a single parent (Camp, 2013). In the presence of risk factors it is important for the health care provider to educate the woman on ways to

Post Partum depression causes a new mother to become depressed to a severe extent. PPD causes its patients to fall to an uncomfortable mental state. PPD patients feel discouraged, hostile,

In the United States, women after childbirth will typically have one postpartum visit with their obstetrician at six weeks while new mothers will see the baby’s pediatrician at least 4-6 times during the first year at the well baby visits. These are good opportunities for the detection of PPD. Mothers may be reluctant to share their feeling with family members or the medical providers secondary to fears of being seen as a “bad” mother, or being labeled as having a psychiatric problem. Pediatricians have a unique potential to intervene (Horwitz et al., 2007).

Women who experience PND may experience confusion and shame, as their experience is contrary to the ascribed social role of motherhood which depicts an effortless, natural experience expected to bring joy. Qualitative research suggests that women with PND universally report fear of stigma, especially the stigma of being labeled a bad mother. This fear can lead to denial of symptoms and avoidance of help seeking behavior (Bilszta, Ericksen, Buist, & Milgrom, 2008). Women are even reluctant to disclose distress to significant others and family members (Bilszta et al., 2008). Further, women seem to have minimal accurate education about PND and when to seek medical services (Bilszta et al., 2008). Women with PND are at-risk and vulnerable to experiencing both social and self-stigmatization.

There have been many changes made to the criterion for PPD since its inclusion in the DSM-IV and DSM-5. Currently, in the DSM-5, PPD is classified under depressive disorders. It is listed as a specifier under “peripartum disorders,” stating that the onset of mood symptoms occur during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following delivery. In the DSM-IV, it is classified under mood disorders. The DSM-IV included a “criteria for Postpartum onset specifier,” which define postpartum onset as an episode occurring within four weeks postpartum. While these two classifications are similar, the DSM-5 revision made a point to elaborate on the specifier by adding a note that stated mood episodes can have their onset either during pregnancy or postpartum. It then goes on to include the fact that 50% of “postpartum” major depressive episodes actually begin prior to delivery, which is why they are referred to as peripartum episodes (DSM-5, p.186). Peripartum episodes can occur with or without psychotic features, which can explain a case of simple “baby blues” vs. infanticide, or thoughts or delusions of killing the

Tandon et al., (2014) even go on to say that in some studies, incidence of PPD symptoms are twice as prevalent in women of low-income socioeconomic status compared to women of higher socioeconomic statuses. A major problem is that PPD often times goes unrecognized and untreated. According to Tandon et al., (2014) only half of women with PPD will receive any type of mental health evaluation or treatment, and that number decreases to less than one-quarter among women diagnosed with depression during pregnancy. This writer finds this baffling since the patient has already been diagnosed, why are they not receiving the proper care need to treat their disease. The positive to this is that according to Tandon et al., (2014) since the disease carries such negative consequences and there is limited success in linking women with needed treatment there are a number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) being conducted that are aimed at preventing PPD. These studies have mostly been aimed at treating PPD rather than preventing it which is the focus in the study done by Tandon et al., (2014) the studies have also yielded mixed

The definition of PPD as stated by the A.D.A.M. Medical Encyclopedia of America is “depression suffered by a mother following childbirth, typically arising from the combination of hormonal changes, psychological adjustment to motherhood, and fatigue.”(A.D.A.M, 2015)

The Parenting Plus program meets the first piece by tailoring each client’s program to their specific needs at the time. Clients decide what curriculum to view based both on what interests them, and what is happening with their child in the present moment. This also meets the active and engaged piece, as they are making plans and decisions based on current needs. Staff may counsel, but action is directed by the

For this activity, I decided to include the information I had so far from our summer parent involvement committee. During the school year, I am part of the parent involvement committee, which includes 6 teachers and our parent liaison. During the summer, we decided to meet in between our summer school schedule. There are only two teachers from the committee, myself and Mrs. Rivera. We also have our parent liaison. For our meetings, we decided to invite two of our school volunteers, Kevin and Mia. We also invited our LINC coordinator to our meeting, since he has worked with us during our previous family events.

Postpartum depression has been a medical diagnosis in recent history. Though, postpartum depression has been a problem since the 18th century. Medicine has come long way in discovering treatment for postpartum depression, but the risks are still under investigation. Screening women for postpartum depression after delivery has been a trend in many hospitals, but what puts them at risk is important. There are many factors, but Zadeh, Khajehei, Sharif, & Hadzic’s (2012) study looked at high risk pregnancy inparticular.

Pregnant women with social risk factors lack of psychological and finical resources, and on Medicaid are at a higher risk for negative pregnancy outcomes. These women require support, guidance, and assistance from health or social services that can meet with them geographically and psychologically (Glavin, 2013). Nurses all over the world share the same beliefs and values of promoting of health and prevention of diseases, holistic care no matter the living conditions, collaboration with the government, client, and health organizations, caring and understanding relationship, and independence in public health (DM). In the United States, a Nurse-Family Partnership is a free voluntary program that services new high-risk mothers to have a health pregnancy, improve the child development and health, and become more economically efficient. A nurse that has been specially trained visits the first time mother throughout the entire pregnancy and continues until the baby reaches the age of two. With each visit, the nurse offers support and any crucial information the mother will need to know for present and future care of the child. Public health nurses obtain knowledge from public and social health disciplines to protect and promote the health of the population. Nurses strive to create societal conditions to support health for an individual, families, and communities within the states.

Although there are valuable programs implemented to help manage and support mothers with PPD (tertiary prevention), it’s important to recognize that secondary prevention strategies currently in place are flawed and that there is no emphasis on primary prevention. VCH has implemented a PPD algorithm, where best practice is to screen for PPD using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression scale at 28-32 weeks of pregnancy and at 6-8 weeks postnatally (VCH, 2017). It also recommends targeted screening for any moms with risk factors (VCH, 2017). However, instead of following this algorithm, PHN’s screen for PPD during a home visit, at the CHC at the 4-month infant visit, and at parent-infant groups

Rationale: It is important for the mother (and her partner) to be able to pick up on the signs and symptoms of PPD early so that she can seek help as early as possible. The earlier the mother seeks help, the more successful her treatment and her PPD symptoms will not last as long (“How Do I Heal Sore Nipples?”, 2011).

The effects of Postpartum Depression has been proven to have long-term effects on both the mother and her child. Therefore, it is vital that a woman who believes that she may be affected by PPD be evaluated as soon as possible to allow for proper diagnoses and treatment from her provider. As with many other conditions it is important for these mothers to have support system that helps encourage them to be the best parent possible. With both awareness and proper treatment mothers can experience a stronger bond with their children that will help allow them to

Being able to interact with these women in a safe space has opened my mind up to the variety of reasons traditional health education might not reach them. Sometimes the barriers are economic, as in the case of women who grew up in poverty, unable to access doctors. Sometimes they are psychological, as in the case of sexual abuse. Sometimes they are tied up in addiction, language barriers or religious restrictions. It is often a combination of these factors. To each woman experiencing these barriers, the struggle is a huge part of their life. The complex variety of obstacles they (and we all) face in the pursuit of healthy lives highlights the world’s need for public health professionals to analyze what prevents communities from being healthy - and how we might fix