First and foremost, the news report that I will analyze is about an African-Canadian man, Curtis

The brutality of the police force has been a long worldwide problem, but especially between the years of 2012-2016. Black people are being unjustly beaten and shot in plain sight for doing nothing while being unarmed. Journal of African American Studies “Blacks are viewed as deserving of harsh treatment in the criminal justice system” (482). “Black males with more “Afrocentric” features may receive longer sentences than blacks with less Afrocentric features like lighter skin and straighter hair”(482). Nowadays it is important to know about the police force. It’s important to know our rights as citizens and be careful around cops. Not everybody is good, but not everybody is bad also. In The New York Amsterdam News 21 people were killed by Chicago police in 2008. Entire families were being attacked. They believe it’s because of their skin color and how they are different. The year of racism started off with the world seeing the police murder of Oscar Grant. “The media have pushed people away from hearing the issue of police brutality, and it has fallen off of the radar screen.”(2) “You can’t give in. They will try to make an example out of you, try to break your spirit!”(2) African Americans say do not trust the cops with anything. “They will ruin you.”(2)

Police brutality has been an issue in the United States for decades. Many of the police force today are perceived in a bad way through video footages on social media that displays images of the police brutally beating on citizens to an extent of death. In the article “Police Violence and Citizen Crime Reporting in the Black Community” written by Matthew Desmond, Andrew V. Papachristos, and David S. Kirk, discusses police misconducts causing communities to be an unsafe environment for citizens, especially the black community. Many black men have experienced racial profiling or police brutality in Milwaukee and this continues on to a point where calling 911 for help is no longer a choice for individuals to use due to a publicized case of police violence against a defenseless man, Frank Jude. Jude, as stated in the article, was unarmed, accused, stripped naked, and beaten by the police viciously. This terrifying incident caused many to protest against the police force. Desmond, Papachristos, and Kirk all believed that after this savage case, many residents in Milwaukee, mainly the black community, stop reporting crimes which lasted for a year. In Milwaukee, police violence on black men made an impact on citizens reporting

This is proof that there is racial discrimination in law enforcement that affects police brutality. This also reinforces the culture of people of color being less human than white people, which takes its roots all the way back to slavery in America. When slavery was still prevalent in the United States, white people believed that black people(slaves), did not feel pain like they felt pain. After slavery was abolished, black people were still strongly regarded as inferior to white people and white people still saw them as wild creatures rather than human beings. White people saw themselves superior to every other race of people, so it was common for them to mistreat other races that weren’t white. This mindset is not as strong as it was in the past but, it is still strong enough to affect the choices police officers make during interactions with people of color. As a result of discrimination at the police level, many people have turned to court system’s to reach justice.

With so many news stories and incidents surrounding the topic of race and the police these days, it is not surprising for people to come to the conclusion that racism may exist within the criminal justice system. We will be taking a deeper look into the problem to find out what other possible determinants may play a role in deciding how an officer makes an arrest or stop and continue to analyze what is happening in those contexts. The issues surrounding the topic of race is like the two faces of the same coin as there are usually two sides that we have to consider: reality and media portrayals. The reality side of situations is always there at the time, but it is so subtly hidden from society that nobody understands it unless they witness it firsthand and with the media spreading filtered information, it becomes even harder for us to identify the key issue; this is especially the case when dealing with the police and racial profiling. If you turn on the news and flip to a channel where it is reporting on the police and their arrests, you will most likely see more arrests pertaining to minorities than other ethnicities. In the news, we can often see a misrepresentation of ethnic minorities, usually African-Americans, being arrested when compared to others and this has caused problems around societies countless times. For this essay topic, I will be discussing the different issues surrounding race within the parameters of criminal justice and inequality; furthermore I will be

This paper provides an overview of the problems facing the police in their efforts to improve relations with minority communities in the United States, as well as a survey of previous research and existing literature on cultural diversity

"Relations between the police and minority groups are a continuing problem in many multiracial societies. Surveys consistently document racial differences in perceptions of the police, with minorities more likely than whites to harbor negative views." (Weitzer and Tuch, Race and Perceptions of Police Misconduct, 2004)

Law enforcement (police) subcultures have specific set of moral values and a certain mentality exhibited by those in law enforcement. It’s always the public against the police so they form an alliance for supportive reasons. However, people may believe police subculture is breaking down. Police subculture is breaking down because it is inconsistent with the formal morals and values related to the culture and that police are not the same as each other in their qualities and attributes. Examining ethics and its relation to the police subculture is important to help delineate not only the grey area of ethics but also the grey area within which the police operate (McCartney and Parent, 2015). For example, police officers are known to defend their own whether its something right or wrong. However, if another officer feels that the situation interferes with their morals, then it becomes inconsistent with the other officer’s

Excessive force and police brutality have become common terms for anyone keeping up with today’s current events. In 2014, the media covered numerous cases of excessive force that resulted in the deaths of several people of color (Nelson & Staff, 2014). The most widely covered cases by the media in 2014 were of Michael Brown, an 18-year-old black male shot and killed by police officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri; and Eric Garner, a 43-year-old black male in Staten Island, New York who was put into a choke by police officer Daniel Pantaleo until he lost consciousness and stopped breathing (Nelson & Staff, 2014). These cases brought attention to the seriousness of police brutality and the curiosity of how often it occurs (Brown, 2015).

Cooperation from members of the public is important in order for police officers to effectively fight crime within the community. In order to obtain cooperation from members of the public, police officers must gain their trust and confidence. It has been known that African Americans and Hispanics have lower levels of trust and confidence in police because of racial disparities and racial profiling. This paper will discuss the public opinion of police by different ethnic groups and how racial minorities hold lower levels of trust and confidence in police.

Racism in its most general sense can be defined as “social practices which attribute merits or allocate values to members of racially categorized groups solely because of their ‘race’”.There are three aspects of racism personal prejudice; ideological racism, and institutional racism. Ideological racism, is where culture and biology comes together to rationalize and justify the superior position of a dominant culture. Institutional racism is where the institution produce policies and differences between different racial groups. Institutional racism includes hidden action between police and minorities. One of the hidden Institutional racism practices in law enforcement

It has been consistently shown in research that minorities are more likely to be mistreated by the police compared to other people (Dunnaville, 2000). Recent incidents have seen the police use excessive force on people and mistreat minorities. As such, the legitimacy of the police has been put under scrutiny and questioned. Many communities in the United States have demonstrated in reaction to recent incidents of police misconduct and excessive use of force. The people have lost trust in the police because of these issues. The police force has been accused of mistreating people, sexual harassment, violent and careless arrests among people particularly the minorities. As demonstrated in the movie ‘Policing the Police’ police officers are seen mistreating people for instance the scene where the police sexually harassed a teenager by touching sensitive areas. Community members are not willing to trust or work with the police to fight crime. As such, it is critical for the police agencies and department to make improving police-community relationship a top police priority. Policies should be developed that will strengthen the mutual trust between the police and the community. This relationship is critical because the police depend on information from the community to fight crime in the society.

The Thin Blue Line of Sub-culture Police officers everyday are involved in their own sub-culture, which shapes their behaviour and attitude towards society. This sub-culture is made through the bond shared through serving the community and looking out for one another day in and day out while performing his/her duties as law enforcement officers. Sticking together allows them to conquer their battles against any hardships or crisis situations faced in their day-to-day agenda. The us versus them mentality, which police officers have been labeled with raises suspicion on how law enforcement officers truly feel about the sub-culture and the community, which they serve.

Without knowledge of the individuals culture, police officers are likely to struggle with understanding some of the reactions to police

Culture concerns and influences, in conjunction with mixed culture, have a great effect on the justice system we see in place today. Throughout this paper, these topics, as well as contemporary methods that are used in societies of mixed culture and their relatedness and effect on nondiscrimination policies will be analyzes and discussed. The nine principles related to Sir Robert Peel’s position on policing and the implications his theory may or may not have on organizing a police department in America in today’s day and age will also be examined.

This literature review deal with culture diversity awareness and training for law enforcement officers in the United Stated. It is important that the law enforcement officers have the proper training when dealing with culture or community member. The article emphasizes the importance of effective training content and design methodology based on the favored cognitive learning styles of police as well as class structure, appropriate selection of instructors, and to ensure the most effective programs possible in this ever challenging facet of community policing.