Five Stimulus Passages

In a laboratory study of sleep deprivation, researchers employed a variety of techniques to keep volunteers awake for variable amounts of time. One group of participants was kept awake for 24 hours, and the other was kept awake for 48 hours. During periods of forced wakefulness, participants were required to engage verbal learning tasks such as memorizing the definitions of obscure English words. At the conclusion of the period of forced wakefulness, participants were allowed to sleep for as

Sound waves: Changes in pressure caused by molecules of air or fluid colliding and moving apart again.

Thesis/Central Idea: Sleep deprivation can lead to serious health problems, forgetting important information, and will have a negative impact on the outlook of life.

Bruni refers to statistics of scientific studies of scientist when discussing the growing mental issues of teens. Flags are being raised not only because of suicide rates, but because sleep is beginning to have an effect on the overall body. Fingers are now being pointed towards parents for being the reason of unhealthy habits. Sleep deprivation is becoming a larger problem causing physical, emotional, and mental issues; Frank Bruni expresses strong evidence when referring this problem to the fault of our society.

There are a few factors that are essential for life such as breathing or eating, but one of the most essential factor is sleep. Even though the amount of sleep people need differs from one individual to another, the fact is that eventually everyone needs to sleep. People know the importance of sleep, but due to the increased workload and the pressure of society people are getting less sleep. As a result, there has been an increase interest on the effects lack of sleep has on the mind especially the memory of a person. Many questions arose about the relationship between sleep and memory due to the fact most high school and college students have become sleep deprived. For example, does more sleep mean higher grades?

1. Being able to know the difference between two things and tear them apart from each other is?(Pg 156)

Sleep affects grades in more ways than one or two or even three. It affect how people feel, think, and act (Gruber,2013). This states that people that have less sleep behave differently than people that get the recommended amount of sleep for their age.They may be more likely to have mistakes in a class or job. They might even act different than they usually do. Sleep also has an affect of no motivation or effort in the work they do (Gruber,2013). This is important because this tells that the person that does not get enough sleep does not have much motivation or effort they put in to the work they perform.People with motivation tend to do things better than people that have none.

In the article Teachers,Students and Sleep, author Dave Stuart address the effects of different qualities of sleep have on students. Stuart covers the causes for poor sleep and the consequences this can have. The author repeatedly references the work of Harvard graduate Maria Konnikova, along with Shawn Stevenson who has a bachelor's degree, thus they appear to be reliable sources. Stuart cover the negative effects of artificial light close to sleep, and the many positive effects of regularity in other activities on the sleep cycle. Dave Stuart makes his readers reevaluate how important sleep is.

“Trouble sleeping even minimal sleep loss can take a toll on your mood, energy, efficiency, and ability to handle stress.” ( Authors: Melinda Smith, M.A., Lawrence Robinson, and Robert Segal, M.A. Last updated: February 2016.) “ The monster could not sleep so he helped the family get wood and other supplies.” ( )

In the article, The Teen Who Woke Up her School. A high school girl named Jilly Dos Santos was getting tired of not having more sleep! Jilly stood up and used social media to encourage other students to join with her to have more sleep! Doctors have soon discovered that having more sleep has a positive result in students. In the article, it states “After a good night rest, you’re more alert, and it’s easier to solve problem, process and remember

In Frank Bruni’s editorial, “Today’s Exhausted Superkids,” he talks about the lack of sleep present in many high school and college students. He attributes this loss in sleep to a variety of factors; although he seems to place the blame mainly on education. He blames the stress of getting good grades on the widespread lack of sleep. Throughout his article, Bruni used many studies and other writings to support his points.

Discrepancies in Activated Brain Regions. While there are many overlaps in the cognitive processes involved in both mental rotation and sign language, resulting in similar brain activation patterns, many researchers still dispute over which cortical regions are activated during these tasks. For example, while many studies have reported right parietal cortex activation during mental rotation (Lane et al., 2011; Harris et al., 2000), Alivisatos and Petrides (1997) reported activation of the left posterior-superior parietal cortex during mental rotation tasks proportional to the angle discrepancy between the two rotated objects. In addition, contradicting the results of these studies suggesting lateralization of spatial abilities, Carpenter et

Sleep is essential for optimal human function. In fact, a lack of sleep can actually affect important cognitive functions, like memory. A 2007 study added to the already substantial evidence that even acute total sleep deprivation impairs attentiveness, working memory, and reaction time in various tasks (Alhola, Polo-Kantola). One such way to further this investigation of the effects of sleep deprivation on memory is through the Memory Interference Test, or MIT. MIT is a program designed by Gaston Pfluegl, Ph.D., and Enrique Lopez, Psy. D., at UCLA to test the memory of students. Along with a memory test, the MIT also anonymously collected the physical states, mental states, and demographics of each student test subject, providing a substantial database through which students can test hypotheses, such as the connection between sleep deprivation and memory. Since the MIT requires short-term memory recall, the hours of sleep a student had before taking the test could have a noticeable effect on his or her performance. An unprecedented study this year found that sleep deprivation may actually even induce false memories, which would certainly impact a student taking the MIT because the test requires the subject to recognize images that have been previously presented to them (Frenda, et al). The hypothesis is that students who slept 8 hours before the test will perform better on the MIT than students who only slept 4 hours. The null hypothesis is that students who had adequate

II. Thematic Statement: Most people don’t think about the long term effects of not getting enough sleep you need to function properly. But if we all were to go to