Flame Test Lab

This labs is intended to help me investigate chemical and physical properties of pure substances.

Our objective for the Sherlock Holmes Experiment was to illustrate that some chemicals can be identified or differentiated by simple chemical tests, such as solubility, pH, or color tests. In our group we had to test come common powders such as Alka-Seltzer, baking soda, flour, Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and salt. Other chemicals that were used to do this experiment were vinegar, and Iodine 2 Solution. The equipment used to do this experiment was red litmus paper, and 5 test tubes per group.

I. Introduction: The reason we are able to observe different colors of light during the flame test is because the electrons move from their normal stable configuration, or ground state, to a different orbital and an excited state. When electrons are in an unstable state they need to get rid of energy in order to get back to their ground state. They do this through giving off light energy as photons. Depending on the element the photon will give off a certain color and move from its unstable, excited state back to a stable, ground state as they give off their energy through light.

The purpose of this lab is to use chemical and physical properties to identify a material. We are working on observing, inferring and predicting. We are learning if the properties of materials that appear similar can be used to tell them apart.

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The purpose of this experiment is to identify unknown substances by finding certain properties that this substance has. Like the density,melting point and the boiling point with these we are able to identify the unknown liquid and unknown solid that we are given. In order to get the density of a liquid we are first going to divide the mass of the liquid by the volume of the liquid in order to get us the density. In order to get the density of a solid we are going to divide the mass of the solid by the volume of the solid in order to get us the density of the solid. Next we are going to want to find the boiling point of a liquid we find this by placing a thermometer and test tube into a beaker with some water in it. Then we boil it and record the data we are going to want to record the start of the boiling and constant temp of the boiling then use this equation ( Start of boiling + constant temp of boiling ) / 2. This will give us our boiling temperature +/- 5 degrees. Finally we are going to want to find the melting point of a solid we do this by placing the tube in the device that determines the melting point of a solid. Then we

Experiments were conducted to test the heat along with different variables of certain chemicals when burned in a flame test. My study focused on 7 chemicals: Lithium Chloride, Strontium Chloride, Copper 2 Nitrate, Sodium Chloride, Borax, Copper 2 Sulfate, and Potassium Chloride. The hypothesis stated that I believe Sodium Borate, or Borax will burn the hottest. The station was set up for chemical testing, and each chemical was prepped and the nichrome wire was cleansed.

The lab consisted of several materials such as test tubes, test tube clamps, graduated cylinder, beakers, hot plates, test tube rack, pipet rubber bulbs, porcelain test plate, medicine dropper, pipettes, thermometer, and a funnel. The solutions and temperature based materials required 0.5% amylase solution, distilled water, 0.5% starch, iodine-potassium-iodide, ice and benedict solution. While

Light is the product of a natural process, where electrons reach an excited state and then

The materials used in this lab were water,a petri dish, matches, a 150mL beaker, one candle. a graduated cylinder and a ruler.

The initial goal of this experiment was to investigate the properties of an unknown acid or base. These properties include pH, concentration, and how the solution behaves once titrated. In order to accomplish these goals, the initial pH of the unknown compound needed to be found through the use of pH strips and/or a PASCO probe. It was also necessary to titrate the unknown compound to find the equivalence point, which would allow the calculation of the initial concentration of the unknown chemicals. In order to see how dilution affected the pH of the unknown compound, it was necessary to dilute the unknown compounds over a series of steps and observe the trend. Finally, it was helpful to test the household chemicals for their acidic or basic properties and compare how they reacted to the reactions of the unknown compounds.

Discussion of Results and Scientific Explanation of Claims The goal of this experiment was to identify our unknown compound using a series of experiments that revealed its chemical and physical properties. Our unknown compound was made of small clear crystals. The compound was odorless. The first experiment we conducted was a qualitative solubility test.

The purpose of the lab “Chemical or Physical Change” is to analyze changes of matter and determine whether a physical or chemical change took place based on the observations and evidence acquired from the six experiments. Based on previous knowledge, a physical change is a change in a substance appearance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance. This type of change in matter only changes the physical properties of the substance which are the properties that can be observed and measured without changing the materials composition. Examples include ripping, cutting, cracking, splitting, and changes in states of matter such as melting or freezing. This type of change in matter can usually be undone. A chemical

In the AAS the sample under investigation is atomized and mixed with fuel-gas air mixture and introduced into the burner at a controlled rate. In the flame the solvent is evaporated and the sample is disassociated into atoms. The flame only acts as a trough of atoms of the elements under investigation. A beam of resonance radiation is provided by the hollow cathode lamp of the element under investigation is allowed to pass through the flame and then spectrophotometer assembly where in the transported light from the sample is measured by the photomultiplier, amplifier and recorded in convenient scale. In graphite AAS the technique is similar to flame atomization except that the flame is replaced by an electrically heated closed graphite tube

The flame test indicates that energy is released in the form of light as electrons return to their ground state from a more excited state. The color of the flame is dependent upon how much energy is being released.