Flexible Bronchoscopy Study

There are numerous different challenges that the paramedic will face in attempting to keep an airway patent. These challenges vary from patient to patient depending on their condition. One challenge in keeping a patent airway the paramedic will face is trying to maintain the airway of a trauma patient. Trauma patients make it difficult to maintain an airway due to the traumatic damage, especially if it has affected the face and neck regions.

I’m finally in the lung. I can finally see what it looks like. I see a structure that looks like a three without leaves. I am passing the right primary bronchi. It is a tube like structure that allow for the passage of air between the trachea and lung (Health Type, 2012). As I move along the right primary bronchi branches off into the right secondary bronchi. Each one of the bronchi serves as an airway to a specific lobe of the lung (Wikipedia, 2011). The bronchi have cartilage plates, smooth muscles, and mucus-secreting gland cells in its wall (Wikipedia, 2011). They contain cilia, which removes dust and debris. Wow! The right secondary bronchi are branching off into very small passageways called bronchioles. The bronchioles are responsible for controlling air distribution and airflow resistance in the lungs (Wise Geek, 2012). They also contain cilia that help move air through the system. The bronchioles are now terminating at the alveolar ducts. They are the tiny end ducts that fill the lungs. At the end of

Bronchiectasis is congenital, meaning that it has the ability to be something you acquire or something that is present from the time of birth. It can be an effect of diseases such as tuberculosis, HIV, and cystic fibrosis. It may also

Bronchoscopy: She doesn’t suffer from tumor, bleeding, and trauma. There are no foreign bodies in respiratory tract.

Lungs: Clear to auscultation bilaterally. No wheezes, rales, or rhonchi. Symmetric chest expansion. Breathing nonlabored.

A tracheostomy, or trach, is a surgically created opening in the trachea. A tracheostomy tube, or trach tube, is a tube that is placed in this opening to help with breathing. It is important to take good care of your trach and trach tube. This will help you stay safe and free from infection.

the results of a pilot trial showed that 100% of such infants required intubation in the

The chest x-ray indicates atelectasis and lobar collapse in the lower and the middle zone of the right lung as increased density can be seen here on the x-ray (Tarrac 2009). Atelectasis is a partial collapse of the lung due to closure of the alveoli which impairs or completely prevents gas exchange in the affected area

(Cole, 2010) The chest x-ray for these babies generally presents with a ground glass appearance, hyper expanded lung fields with densities and possibly pulmonary edema. Extended periods of use on the mechanical ventilator for preterm and under weight infants can lead to BDP due to decreasing lung compliance from poor perfusion extending from a suspected hypoxemic and hypercapneic state. (ALA, 2008) Even though these babies are on the ventilator, they will still present with shallow breathing, cyanosis, tachypnea, retractions, and scattered rales on the chest x-ray. Later in life, babies who overcome BDP can suffer from developmental problems, poor growth, and possibly pulmonary hypertension. Upon auscultation, there will be coarse rhonchi breath sounds with possible rales, paradoxical breathing and an increase in the rate the patient is breathing. The dynamic lung compliance is reduced hindmost because of the increasing damage that is taking place in the small airway. (ALA, 2008)

Although A didn’t show any symptoms of atrial septal defect and didn’t display any signs of pulmonary over-circulation, the presence of the systolic ejection murmur raise the possibility of atrial septal defect.

Bronchiectasis is a major respiratory disorder caused by inflammation and obstruction of the airway. I choose this topic because I had met a patient with bronchiectasis during my clinical experience. A 17 years old child came to DMC&H hospital, India with chief complaints of difficulty in breathing, foul-smelling cough, fever, and chest pain. He was diagnosed with bronchiectasis upon having chest X-Ray done and was admitted to the hospital. The doctor started his treatment along with antibiotics, corticosteroids and IV fluids. Physiotherapist also visited him daily to give chest physiotherapy. After few weeks, his condition recovered and he got discharged from the hospital with a treatment plan to be followed.

Situs inversus occurs in about 50% of congenital bronchiectasis, beginning during ebryonic ciliary movement which is vital to the normal function and proper placement of the chest and abdominal organs. Ineffective ciliary function essentially leads to the neonates organs becoming flip-flopped.

Broncopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as chronic lung disease, is a disease that affects preterm infants. It is not a disease that preterm infants are born with, and most of the infants that develop BPD are first diagnosed with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). RDS is a disease of the preterm infant due to lung immaturity and lack of adequate amounts of surfactant. This surfactant coats the lungs and aids in breathing of the newborn infant. Without the amount necessary to maintain proper pulmonary functions, infants must be placed on positive pressure ventilation and receive high amounts of oxygen therapy for long periods. This long term oxygenation puts these infants at risk for developing BPD (nhlbi.nih.gov, 2012). There are

Endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) is special type of method in which a tissue is taken from inside the chest cavity for examination. A bronchoscope, other than a normal fiberoptic bronchoscope is used. A kind of telescope, which is usually a flexible tube passes from the mouth into the airways and allows pulmonologists to visualize the lungs and perform the procedure. This procedure is a relatively new bronchoscopic method of visualizing the tracheobronchial tree, the surrounding pulmonary parenchyma and the mediastinal structures, with a particular role in lung cancer diagnosis, staging, and treatment, which was first reported by Yasufuku[9] in the year of 2004. For the operation being simple, minimally

Baraldi.E,Filippone.M(2007), mentioned that Northway et al(1967) described firstly that Brochopulmonary Dysplasia is a new chronic respiratory disease developed in premature infants exposed to mechanical ventilation