One of the main visual contributors to discomfort on high speed trains is lighting. Illumination within the trains carriages is an important factor to consider for safety, convenience and comfort. One of the main sources of discomfort related to illumination is glare. Glare occurs when the eyes are exposed to a source of light greater than that for which the eyes are adapted. Glare can either occur from the artificial lights inside the train carriages or externally from the sun with complications ranging from mild discomfort and annoyance, to an impediment to vision and reduction in safety (Oborne, 1978).
In order to reduce discomfort and disability glare there are a variety of designs considerations that should be considered. Although completely eliminating glare from the sun is almost impossible, due to its ever changing intensity and position relative to the train, there are certain measure that can help reduce it. The simplest preventative methods include equipping the windows with blinds which the passenger can utilise to achieve
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Flicker vertigo is defined by Rash (2004) as ‘an imbalance in brain-cell activity caused by exposure to the low-frequency flickering (or flashing) of a relatively bright light’. The effects of this can vary from mild discomfort in the form of dizziness, nausea and nervousness to more serious effects of vertigo, convulsions or loss of consciousness (Oborne, 1978). Flicker vertigo can affect a passenger if they are experienced to a light-flashing sequence anywhere in the range of 4 – 20Hz (Rash, 2004). In high-speed rail this light flashing sequence can be a result of the interruption of sunlight by external objects such as poles or wires. It is therefore difficult to design against, however with an appropriate seating layout and the presence of blinds the discomfort can be
Through distinctive images composers develop interest, drawing the responder in and thus providing insight into the experiences of others. This is demonstrated in Amanda Lohrey’s novella ‘Vertigo’ as Luke and Anna find themselves in a new and disorientating environment as they attempt to build a new life and in the ‘The Red Tree’ composed by Shaun Tan, through the nameless girl’s journey as she attempts to find herself and her place in the world. Meaning created by distinctive images creates interest thus permitting the responder to gain a greater understanding on how the experiences help shape one’s self.
In Psycho (1960) Hithcock’s catholic vision appears in the form of a biblical picture. As voyeurs viewers see Marion undress for her shower along with Bates through peephole. For this he removes from the wall a replica of “Susanna and the Elders,” the biblical story of three old men who spied on a righteous woman as she prepared for bath. When passions aflame and they leaped out with threats and sexual blackmail. In Spoto’s words Norman “removes the artifact of deadly voyeurism and replaces it with the act itself. So much for “mere” spying” (322). In Vertigo Hithcock shows a catholic church with tower in California, the only available church
How auteur theory can be applied to the study of Hitchcock’s North by Northwest and Vertigo
Alfred Hitchcock’s stance in the film business is something to be marveled. His prominent position as the “Master of Suspense” is due in part to the textbook blueprint he created in the thriller genre. His catalogue has many examples, but the two with the most similar psychological depth would be Vertigo and Rear Window. Not only do these two movies thrill on the surface level, but they also thrill from the character’s emotional and psychological stand point. This makes the suspense less abrupt and more of a gradual progression into the classic Hitchcock climax. Hitchcock puts his viewers on a psychological roller coaster due in part to his three useful components: fear, guilt, and redemption.
In 1958 Alfred Hitchcock released what is considered the greatest film of all time, Vertigo. Vertigo is a film noir thriller that stars James Stewart and Kim Novak. Stewart's character, Scottie Ferguson, is sent to follow and investigate his old friend’s wife, Madeline. He spies on her strange actions and at the time falls deeply in love with her. The viewer is given a restricted narrative through the eyes of former detective, who suffers from vertigo, as he follows Madeline through San Francisco. The audience views the film from the same perspective as Scottie. Hitchcock pompously puts the viewer into Scottie’s eyes in scenes where he is following Madeline give Scottie a voyeuristic sense. The narrative is later switched to unrestricted as
It will also be helpful to modify the traffic lights to make them more visible. Upgraded speed cameras will control most people that speed by taking a picture of their license plate and vehicle and giving them a moving violation ticket. Control officers will catch any drivers who are not following traffic laws and will give them a ticket as well. Safety programs in vehicles will help people to do things more safely such as making a call or sending a message. An all-red clearance light will cause all the lights on the intersection to stay red for at least five seconds to ensure that vehicles on all sides are stopped. Making the traffic lights in Surprise more visible whether it be making the lights larger, or switching out the bulbs with stronger, more opaque lights, will also help reduce the number of traffic accidents. The cost for the speed cameras, control officers, dynamic message boards, and implementing an all-red clearance interval have been calculated, however the cost of safety programs in vehicles and modifying current traffic lights are to be determined.
The challenge in providing daylight by effective use of windows is to allow adequate amounts of daylight as deep into the space as possible, with a distribution within the space that is visually comfortable and does not create glare. A designer can control window area, location type, glazing properties, shading systems, ceiling parameters, and interior design features to achieve these goals.To achieve these goals We have chosen case 2 (reducing the size of windows ) , we got the lux 500 which is the most suitable value for a classroom .
Front lights are something that is getting really bad in these days. Before front lights on a car were not so bad and it would actually help people in the street see the road and see you which kept the streets safe. The reason it is getting so bad is by the new lights that they are putting on cars now by making the light brighter and changing the color of the light. It is helping the driver on the street but not helping anybody on the road because the light is to strong and then blinding other people on the street by the power of the light. This makes me think that businesses will make their lights stronger to help the driver and make the driver think that it is a smarter and safer light to have on the person’s car so then they will make the
In general there were little complaints of daylighting. Occupants were generally comfortable in their respective spaces. Occupants were satisfied with the amount of natural lighting. Offices are mainly located on the eastern side of Weill. Glare from the sun rising is blocked by the Biotechnology building. Internal shading is utilized by occupants whenever glare became a problem. However, there are no obstructions on the western side of Weill, where the sun sets. Lab occupants complained of glare. Glare seemed to be more of an issue on the western side than the eastern side of Weill. However, like office occupants, lab occupants utilized their internal shades to manage this daylighting issue.
A T- intersection performance can be affected by the gap acceptance behavior of drivers. There have been a lot of studies conducted on the age differences and gender differences in gap acceptance behavior under several conditions but no research was carried out on difference in gap acceptance behavior between genders at different light conditions(daytime and nighttime). The data was collected at a T - section in College Station, Texas. A high definition video camera was used for data collection. The data collection could be done easily during the daytime by video recording and a stopwatch was used for measuring the gap acceptance or rejection through the video. The nighttime data collection was difficult because the camera could not capture
Drivers who are aware of the abusive cameras are constantly caught up trying to avoid getting an outrageous ticket; therefore, in attempt to avoid them, drivers are unexpectedly and furiously coming to abrupt stops. In result of the urgent and sudden stop of driver A (the first one to cross the intersection), braking quickly doesn’t give driver B neither enough time or physical room to move out of the way, consequently resulting in a rear-end collision, sometimes involving more than just two drivers. The driver’s panic to evade the ticket ends up caught up in the misfortunes of an even sadder circumstance. Leading reasons for this is thanks to the intentional decrease of yellow-light length times. Studies have shown that since the installment of the cameras there has been intentional scheming to cut the period of yellow light to catch as many victims as possible. It has been verified that increasing yellow-lights to at least one second more would decrease the number of accidents by over 45%. (Maass). An extra reason for which there is
However, red light cameras do lessen broadside crashes (Bartley). “Some traffic signals have an all red duration, allowing a grace period of a few seconds before the cross-direction turns green”(Bartley). Some studies have even proven that more rear-end collisions occur where red light cameras have been placed, while broad-side crashes decreased, but the overall collision rate has been mixed (Bartley). In some areas, the length of the yellow phase has been increased to provide a longer warning to complement the red light camera.
Film editing is an important post-production phase of the filmmaking process. It means the unlimited use of the digital technology, where the film editor works with raw footage, selecting the best shorts and combining them to create a good quality motion picture. Camera motion is one of the film editing techniques that has been widely used in the movie Vertigo to create the outstanding movie. Most importantly are the three set-pieces of camera that are interconnected in both structure and meaning. These are, the scene at Ernie's restaurant that shows the start of Scottie's pursuit in Madeleine, the celebrated zoom in and track outshot that arouses the acrophobia of Scottie, and finally, the 360-degree
The distractions of driving are a popular area of research. Recent studies have looked at what distracts drivers and what other failures of awareness may contribute to traffic accidents. The goal of this paper is to look at research and explain how change blindness can possibly effect driving.
Every researcher will enter into a car driven by a female driver. The female drivers will be categorized further according to the age groups. The distractions caused by different age groups will give the extent to which application of make-up while driving causes drivers distraction. In connection to this, Telegraph, (2009) claims that the age group of 17 – 22 years is commonly associated with the application of make-up. Therefore, if the findings demonstrate that greater percentage of female drivers aged 17-22 are victims of poor focus while driving, then this implies that application of make-up significantly causes drivers’ distraction. The data will be collected within the duration of 30 minutes and move on the second trip. Afterward, the data will be collected and analyzed using SPSS and the results presented by the use of