Flood Assessment

The Red River located near Fargo, North Dakota, has a history of flooding due to abnormal climate conditions. Every year precautions are taken to help minimize damages that are caused by the flooding. There are four main reasons that contribute to the river flooding so often. These main reasons for the floods are: Synchrony of discharge with spring thaw, ice jams, glacial lake plain, and the decrease in gradient downstream.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the 21st Century Flood Reform Act and to provide a recommendation on whether the Senate should vote for or against it. In order to provide an informed recommendation, this paper will first present background information on the 21st Century Flood Reform Act and explain what it proposes. Following the background information, this paper will analyze arguments both in support and in opposition of the 21st Century Flood Reform Act. To conclude, this paper will make a recommendation, based on the analysis, on how the Senate should vote for the 21st Century Flood Reform Act.

As described above, the flash flood was caused by intense rainfall over several days during June 2012. The torrential rains led to record-breaking discharges in the Knife and St. Louis Rivers. The discharges from the Knife River and St. Louis River peaked at 25,000 ft3/s and 45,300 ft3/s respectively (Czuba et al., 2012). The Mississippi River and other nearby streams and rivers also experienced unusually high flow volumes. As rain rushed into and through these systems, flood mitigation and

Most tornadoes are followed by flooding and floods are likely to occur in Anytown after tornadoes strikes and during humid summers. Little information concerning soil and hydro geological characteristics of the city is known, but the surface runoff is impermeable

In metropolitan areas, especially areas located along a major river may see an increase in flooding because the city may have grown without incorporating rainwater runoff areas such as drainage ditches, retention ponds or building dams either natural or manmade to help prevent an area from being overrun with water in a heavy or prolonged rainstorm. Sometimes, large metropolitan areas are built in low-lying areas such as valleys, or coastal areas along oceans, lakes and rivers. In some cases flooding occurs because of natural chokepoints along a river being overwhelmed by the amount of water flowing downstream at once. An example of this would be the snow melting on an mountain running downstream until it hits one of these natural chokepoints

This conduction is to determine the locations of flood hazards areas. The FIS further investigates and studies flood hazards areas near rivers, lakes, streams, and coastal areas. FEMA also consults and collaborates with other Federal agencies including the US Army Corps Engineers to identify and maintain data consistency. FEMA and it’s contractors practice extreme care to ensure that all analytical methods and procedures employed in FIS are mathematically, scientifically, and technically accurate and precise. The engineering practices and standards are met by FEMA in preparing effective

The city of Houston, DIVISION 2. - STANDARDS IN SPECIAL FLOOD HAZARD AREAS (Sec. 19-32) is responsible for the regulations that are provided to prevent hazards in flood zoned areas. The city has regulations that state that construction must be built to reduce the damage when flooding occurs and make special modifications to building construction to prevent flotation, collapse or movement of a structure. The sewage system must be designed to eliminate the infiltration of sewage whenever there may be a flood. The water supply systems must be designed to prevent or eliminate infiltration of floodwaters into the system. The sanitary sewer systems must be designed to eliminate infiltration of floodwaters that may enter the systems. Also, the electrical,

Flood mitigation and management has been analysed within the Pickering Beck catchment and River Seven catchment. The introduction of the 'slowing the flow scheme' provides a new approach to flood management, the authorisation and construction of several natural measures aim to reduce the frequency of future floods in Pickering. Within this report, the effectiveness and geomorphic impact of each measure will be discussed, in addition to an attempt to determine the longevity of each measure by means of fieldwork and other literature.

As Fargo’s hazard consultants, we have come up with two evacuation plans for residents of Fargo, North Dakota. The total population of Fargo is 113,658 people. Plan A accounts for a 100-year flood plain (38.1-foot gauge height) and Plan B accounts for a 500-year flood plain (41-foot gauge height). Based on our research, the 100-year flood will occur up to a gauge height of 38.1 feet (North Dakota State University). For Plan A, evacuation area would be focused on but not limited to residents of Fargo from the Red River up until the I 29 highway. It would include most of East Fargo. Since the 100-year flood accounts only for most of East Fargo, Plan A’s evacuation plan is for residents up until the I 29 highway

The university of Florida campus located in Gainesville, Florida is divided into several subbasins that directly drain their rainfall runoff to four different watersheds: Lake Alice, Hogtown Creek, Tumblin Creek and other depression basins. To distribute the rainfall runoff to their respective watersheds, a very extensive storm drainage system functions within campus. Therefore, it is very important that the storm drainage system performs efficiently (Florida, 2015). However, personnel from the University of Florida Physical Division Plant mentioned that some locations within sub-basin LA-2A floods during rainfall events due to incorrect pipe sizes within the system. Therefore, the purpose of this research is To Suggest a Method of

The Darst Creek Field is an old accumulation and is reaching the end of its primary production phase. It offers the unique operational constraints of its targets being primarily of carbonate lithology (limestone’s and chalks.) This structural composition offers potential to be enhanced via a chemical or water flood due to its relatively high permeability and other reservoir characterization. Contained within is the research and findings after building and executing a simulation of the potential for a flood in this area.

Rivers and streams are supplied with water that runs of the landscape surface and flows into the them, this area of land where this occurs is called a catchment (Holden, 2012).There are many issues that are related to urban hydrology and catchments, however, the most problematic and frequent one is flooding. Flooding occurs when high amounts of rainfall fall in the urban area and accumulates on the surfaces, due to the high development in urban areas. This is because most surfaces in urban areas are concreted, developed or highly congested with buildings, which results in the rainfall not being able to infiltrate into the soil due to these surfaces being impermeable (Davie, 2002). Therefore, the rainfall becomes runoff and makes its way into river systems which can cause rivers and streams to rise rapidly, resulting in localised flooding in urban areas. The aim of this experiment was to understand how the rainfall discharge in an urban environment will differ to a rural environment. Interpretations were able to be made from completing this experiment as to how and why the rainfall discharge differs between the two environments and what affects it could potentially have on the area of concern. The aim was achieved by simulating the two different catchment types and simulating rainfall to produce discharge results. A hydrograph was also produced from the results to allow analysis and interpretation of the results which was used to compare the two environments. It

The simulations conducted are only carried out on a much smaller scale and time frame compared to an actual river system, and how it responds to a rainfall event due to time restraints. The Leith river is subjected to a mainly urban

Real time flood forecasting is an important and integral part of a flood warning service, and can help to provide more accurate and timely warnings. Depending on catchment characteristics and catchment response to rainfall, various types of flood forecasting models, including correlations, simple trigger flood forecasting, and more sophisticated real time catchment-wide integrated hydrological and hydrodynamic models may be adopted. These models provide flow and level forecasts at the selected key locations known as Forecast Points, which are usually located along major rivers or on streams near urban areas that have a history of flooding.

Every year, on average thousands of people are affected, a few hundred lives are lost, thousands are rendered homeless and several hectares of crops are damaged. Every year, Flooding in India affects Tamil Nadu and the other Indian states of Assam, Bihar, West Bengal, Gujarat, Orissa, Uttaranchal, and Maharashtra (Kuppusamy and Rajarathnam, 2009). Floods are the most frequent and often the most devastating. The cause of flood is mainly the peculiarities of rainfall in North east monsoon period in the state. Out of the total annual rainfall in the state, 90% is concentrated over short monsoon season of three months. As a result, heavy discharges from the rivers during this period causing widespread floods in the delta regions. Floods occur mainly in the coastal districts basin that carries 100% of the state total river flows (Ponnuraj, 2006). Cyclones Cyclone refers to a whirl in the atmosphere with very strong winds circulating around it in anti-clockwise direction in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere. Cyclones are intense low pressure areas with pressure increasing outwards. Cyclones can be hazardous as Cyclones are normally associated with strong winds. A storm surge is an abnormal rise of sea level near the coast caused by a