Fluoride has been used by people for many decades. The most common use is in toothpaste. Fluoride was added to toothpaste to lower the amount of dental cavities that one gets, and works by protecting the enamel (outer hard layer over the tooth). Another use of fluoride is in drinking water. It was added to drinking water to also help with tooth decay. Many people are debating whether or not this is truly safe. In the essay, “The Fluoride Conspiracy”, by Laurie Higgs, she talks about the use of fluoride drinking waters and dangers it brings by using logos, pathos, and ethos. Higgs explains in her essay that the use of fluoride has been used in water for some time now and that it is used to help prevent tooth decay as stated in her citations. She further explains that when brushing ones teeth and swallows an “x” amount of toothpaste that that one should called poison control, so why would one be able to drink it? About sixty percent of homes contain fluoride-added water and an average person is suppose to drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water each day, while the amount of fluoride in each glass contains more than twice the amount (to be consumed) of fluoride allowed in toothpaste (Higgs par.2), and if one had too much …show more content…
In the essay it states that fluoride in water is a “dangerous poison” and “toxic” (Higgs para.3). She uses these words to explain the effects of fluoride and creates the reader to have fear. She also uses appeals to pathos by explaining that by drinking the water one can increase hypothyroidism. Hypothyroidism is when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. The essay says that hypothyroidism can lead to “depression, fatigue, weight gain, muscle and joint pains, increased cholesterol levels and heart disease” (as qtd. in Higgs par.5). The author uses human health and the problems that can arise from drinking water with fluoride to evoke the readers
to neurotoxicity, development of osteosarcoma and interference with biochemical systems. Further exploration into these studies raised alarm bells in their relevance to the ‘fluoride debate’. For example I found the amount of fluoride being used in many studies to be well above any reported daily human consumption, for example Ge Y et. El. (30) Used 100mg doses (there was no mention of frequency) to prove a link between fluoride and apoptosis of brain cells. Other studies undertaken usually had too many variables, for example Liu H et. El attempted to study the effect of fluoride on male fertility using a population with high fluoride intake and another with low. The study doesn’t take into account other variables such as diet, volume / frequency of fluoride intake or genetics. The conclusions being drawn where tenuous, with, in my opinion, no conclusive evidence to prove the hypothesis, with the studies mentioning further research is
Another issue of controversy is the safety of the chemicals used to fluoridate water. The most commonly used additives are silicofluorides, not the fluoride salts used in dental products (such as sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride). Silicofluorides are one of the by-products from the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers. The toxicity database on silicofluorides is sparse and questions have been raised about the assumption that they completely dissociate in water and, therefore, have toxicity similar to the fluoride salts tested in laboratory studies and used in consumer products (Coplan and Masters 2001). It also has been maintained that, because of individual variations in exposure to fluoride, it is difficult to ensure that the right individual dose to protect against dental caries is provided through large-scale water fluoridation. In addition, a body of information has developed that indicates the major anticaries benefit of fluoride is topical and not systemic (Zero et al. 1992; Rölla and Ekstrand 1996; Featherstone 1999; Limeback 1999a; Clarkson and McLoughlin 2000; CDC 2001; Fejerskov
Fluoride is a natural occurring element found abundantly in the Earth’s crust. It is widely distributed in the lithosphere and is the 13th most common element in the earth’s crust (Lennon et al., 2004, pg. 2). It is found in seawater at a concentrations between 1.2–1.4 mg/L, in groundwater at concentrations up to 67 mg/L, and in most surface waters at concentrations below 0.1 mg/L (IPCS, 2002). While all foods contain traces of fluoride, water and non-dairy beverages are the main sources of ingested fluoride; concentrations of fluoride in public drinking water accounts for 66 to 80% of fluoride intake in the United States (IPCS, 2002).
American Dental Association (ADA) has written and article on “5 Reasons Why Fluoride in Water is Good for Communities”(ADA, 2017.). The ADA then proceeds to go into depth on each of these five topics, as I will summarize in my own words. First, fluoride prevents tooth decay by being present in the
According to World Health Organization data obtained from a study on 12 year old’s levels of tooth decay, fluoride has had very little effect, if any at all, on tooth decay. Countries such as Japan, Italy, and Iceland, who are non-fluoridated countries, actually have about the same level of tooth decay decrease as countries that have fluoridated water. Fluoride is considered a drug, according to the FDA, which means that it is a medical treatment. Medical treatments are not to be given unless the patient agrees to the treatment, therefore, placing fluoride into the public water supply violates informed consent seeing as how citizens are not given the opportunity to vote on the matter. Even if people could vote on the situation, not all people are going to agree with and since it is considered a drug, it
In those case the person have to control the levels of fluorides because in most cases the levels are greater than FDA/CDC recommend but most people don't treat their water to lower the amount of fluoridation. In the case cities water systems fluoridation is monitored and adjusted to meet certain standards, low enough not to cause harm yet high enough to aid in preventing tooth decay. Tooth decay is a big health problem if not controlled. Which one the the water supply systems did you read about that was causing the health
Fluoride in drinking water has been a hot topic in the past decade. Some communities are all for it and some are completely against it. With such a range of opinions on the matter some organizations have took it upon themselves to present the pros and cons of the fluoride to the public so they can make informed decisions. Often times these surveys are bias to one side or the other, so I shall be giving information on both sides of the issue, the future outlook, and my personal opinion in order to help inform you to decide on your own.
The fluoride within our drinking water has always been a hot topic for debate. It’s known to cause a number of health problems ranging from lowered thyroid function to cancer. Today we’re going to look at fluoride and the brain specifically. Fluoride damage to the brain happens to be one of the most active areas of research today. In the past thirty years, over one hundred studies that have taken place have found evidence to prove that fluoride exposure can actually damage the brain. This particular research has included:
Fluoridation of drinking water addresses the health issue of tooth decay and the related dental problems associated with it.1 Fluoride is associated with this health issue since fluoride has been recognized as an important nutrient for healthy teeth.1
Community water fluoridation is "the controlled addition of fluoride compound to a public water supply to achieve a concentration optimal for dental caries prevention" (Rockville,2000, cited in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015, p.1). Notwithstanding the general perception of community water fluoridation worldwide, which recognizes it as an opportunity, some opponents see it as a hazard.
According to the author Sally- Ann Botchey, in 1956 the first fluoridated tooth paste was released in Cincinnati, Ohio with the trade mark name, Crest. The release of this product benefitted countries immensely. “In countries that do not fluoridate drinking water, such as Denmark and Italy, fluoridated toothpastes account for more than 90% of the sales of toothpaste products” (Botchey, 48). Author Andrew W. Campbell supports fluoridated toothpaste as the most successful form of fluoridation based off the conclusions stated in the National Research Council’s 2006 study on fluoride and the following statement made by the Dental Clinics of North America. “Current evidence strongly suggests that fluorides work primarily by topical means through direct action on the teeth and dental plaque. Thus ingestion of fluoride is not essential for caries prevention” (Campbell, 9). Concluding his argument he states that “it is becoming increasingly clear, fluoridating public water supplies is outdated and unnecessary...” (Campbell,
i. Although defenders of fluoride continue to claim that there are no dangers in using fluoride for dental care, the facts speak for themselves. Dr. Edward Group, who in his 2015 article “The Dangers of Fluoride” stated that “Every year Poison Control centers receive thousands of calls from people
The potential for human exposure to fluoride is high due to it being a compound that is virtually everywhere within our environment. Small amounts can be found in the air, water, plants, and animals, making it hard to avoid being exposed to at least a small dose. The general population is exposed to fluoride on a daily basis through the consumption of foods, drinking water, and fluoride-containing dental products (ATDSR, 2003). Industrial factories that use fluoride in their production of goods pose a major risk to the people that live in the area for exposure. The air around these places can be contaminated with fluorine gas or fluoride could have seeped into the surrounding soil. Not only can the population be exposed to fluoride from human
Fluorine is added in water in certain countries and used in toothpaste so that it can strengthen people’s teeth.
Removing fluoride from consumer products’ benefits human health, prevent low IQ’s, and rids the notion that it helps cavities. Fluoride combines the element fluorine with another substance, generally a metal (“Water”1). Once in the body, fluoride absorbs into the blood through the digestive tract. They collectively accumulate where areas high in calcium take place, such as bones and teeth (“Water”1). Over the years, since inception, many people have questioned why fluoride continues to remain integrated into the water and consumer products in general. Many toothpaste brands have fluoride in it, and dentist claims it aids in preventing cavities, although there is research that will explain that