Fluoride Ions And Its Effect On Health And Excess Concentration

Fluoride has been used by people for many decades. The most common use is in toothpaste. Fluoride was added to toothpaste to lower the amount of dental cavities that one gets, and works by protecting the enamel (outer hard layer over the tooth). Another use of fluoride is in drinking water. It was added to drinking water to also help with tooth decay. Many people are debating whether or not this is truly safe. In the essay, “The Fluoride Conspiracy”, by Laurie Higgs, she talks about the use of fluoride drinking waters and dangers it brings by using logos, pathos, and ethos.

Fluoride Fluoride is a mineral that occurs naturally in almost all foods and water supplies. The fluoride ion comes from the element fluorine. Fluorine, the 13th most abundant element in the earth's crust, is never encountered in its free state in nature. It exists only in combination with other elements as a fluoride compound. Fluoride is effective in preventing and reversing the early signs of tooth decay.

The most common fluorine minerals are fluorite, fluorspar and cryolite (Fluorine). Fluorine is also the 13th most common element in the Earth’s crust (Fluorine). There is 950 mg/L of fluorine in the earth’s crust (Periodic). Fluorine is also in seawater. Around 2,400 tons of fluorine gas and 4,700,000 tons of fluorite are produced each year (Periodic). Fluorine production areas are primarily in Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Mexico and Italy (Periodic). Fluorine is most commonly combined with sodium to form sodium fluoride (NaF) to put into toothpaste (Periodic). A very interesting fact about fluorine is that it is added to city water supplies in the proportion of about one part per million to help prevent tooth decay (The Element). Hydrofluoric acid is used to etch glass, including most of the glass that is used in light bulbs (The Element). You cannot purchase straight fluorine due to it being highly

The city of New Haven, Connecticut has been a long-standing settlement. Established officially by Europeans in March of 1638 (Source 3), New Haven has a detailed history of population declines and growth. The territory that is now New Haven was once inhabited by the Native American group the Quinnipiack (Source 6). The accrual of land was easy for the English settlers in this territory due to the conflicts between the Native American groups. The Quinnipiack tribe occupied the area near the harbor and the Mohawks and Pequots occupied the surrounding area and constantly harassed the Quinnipiack. When the English arrived the Quinnipiack traded their land for protection, which the English agreed to immediately. Through the years the settlement of New Haven has grown and declined in population due to different factors including political, economic and many more.

Fluorine (F) is an element found in the 7th group of the periodic table from the halogen family. It’s an element that most reactive as it only needs to gain one electron to form Fluoride ion (F-). It’s in this form of fluoride that is found in our drinking water also known as fluoridated water. Water, food and living organisms are exposed to inorganic fluorides and they are hydrogen fluoride (HF), calcium fluoride (CaF2), sodium fluoride (NaF), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and silicofluoride. Fluoride compounds are plentiful in the earth’s crust and naturally found in rocks, soils, salt and sea water, representing approximately 0.06-0.09%.

Fluoridation is not a natural process nature thought of it first that fluoride in high level occurs in fluoride water studies shown a segmented frog suffers significant damage including bone disease, changes in behavior and shorter life span

Fluoride is the ionic form of the element fluorine and is the 13th most abundant element in the earth's crust. Chemically, fluoride is negatively charged and combines with positive ions to form stable compounds such as calcium fluoride or sodium fluoride. Such fluorides are released into the environment naturally in the form of both water and air. Generally, when the term fluoride is mentioned, thoughts associated with calcified tissues (i.e., bones and teeth) are provoked. This is likely due to fluoride’s high affinity for calcium, enabling its ability to inhibit or even reverse the initiation and progression of dental caries, otherwise known as tooth decay. Caries are an infectious, multifactorial disease afflicting most persons

Fluoride compounds have been added to water supplies since as early as the 1950s because claims were made to support fluoride's use as a cavity preventer. However, studies conducted even decades before have shown that fluoride is an extremely hazardous substance that should be completely avoided. These views or claims about fluoride are just too contradictory, both cannot be true. Fluoride has hidden dangers that not enough people know about and should be removed from the water supplies despite false reports that it is actually beneficial, and the practice of water fluoridation should be completely eliminated.

Fluoride in drinking water has been a hot topic in the past decade. Some communities are all for it and some are completely against it. With such a range of opinions on the matter some organizations have took it upon themselves to present the pros and cons of the fluoride to the public so they can make informed decisions. Often times these surveys are bias to one side or the other, so I shall be giving information on both sides of the issue, the future outlook, and my personal opinion in order to help inform you to decide on your own.

Twelve studies conducted gathered data linking fluoride to neurobehavioral defects. Forty five studies have reported that rodents dosed with fluoride have impaired learning capacity, not surprisingly studies with human subjects gathered data that agrees with experiments ran on animals, experiments conducted on human subjects found that high fluoride exposure reduces human intelligence. While individually each these experiments do not have conclusive data on the dangers of water fluoridation, as an accumulative body of research there is enough evidence to draw the conclusion that water fluoridation does much more harm than good to all persons exposed to fluoride (Fluoride Action Network,

This article talks about some facts of water fluoridation. First this article addresses when fluoride was first put into the water and why it was put there. The article explains the health issues that could possibly come from the fluoridation of water. These issues include skeletal fluorosis, kidney disease and dental fluorosis. The article also talks about how the amount of fluoride each person gets cannot be controlled very well. This article acknowledges more of the negative side effects of water fluoridation rather than talking about the positive. However the weakness of this article is that the author privileges the negative

When I first learned I had to read “Rip Van Winkle” I assumed it was going to be just another story that I was going to dread reading. However, after reading the first paragraph of “Rip Van Winkle” I knew it was different and then before I knew it I had flown through the pages like there was no tomorrow. “Rip Van Winkle” is full of remarkable yet strange characters, mesmerizing landscapes, and magical and mysterious events.

My topic is about skin cancer and this is one of the worst disease. 80 % of the people are in risk of getting skin cancer. Skin cancer is a very common disease. If you get skin cancer you will get red spot on your body. This disease spreads abnormal cells though your body.

Fluorine is added in water in certain countries and used in toothpaste so that it can strengthen people’s teeth.

Adsorption isotherms describe the equilibrium between the adsorbents and adsorbate to optimize the use of adsorbents and introduce a design and operation of adsorption systems by the correlation of experimental data through the theoretical equations. Isotherm studies were performed by mixing the optimum dose of both adsorbents with Pb2+ solution at different initial concentration (25-250 mg/l) and shaking for the optimum time at room temperature. The data was fitted into the following isotherms: Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Raduskevich.