Fluorine Research Paper

Another issue of controversy is the safety of the chemicals used to fluoridate water. The most commonly used additives are silicofluorides, not the fluoride salts used in dental products (such as sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride). Silicofluorides are one of the by-products from the manufacture of phosphate fertilizers. The toxicity database on silicofluorides is sparse and questions have been raised about the assumption that they completely dissociate in water and, therefore, have toxicity similar to the fluoride salts tested in laboratory studies and used in consumer products (Coplan and Masters 2001). It also has been maintained that, because of individual variations in exposure to fluoride, it is difficult to ensure that the right individual dose to protect against dental caries is provided through large-scale water fluoridation. In addition, a body of information has developed that indicates the major anticaries benefit of fluoride is topical and not systemic (Zero et al. 1992; Rölla and Ekstrand 1996; Featherstone 1999; Limeback 1999a; Clarkson and McLoughlin 2000; CDC 2001; Fejerskov

The NRC reported in 2007 that fluoride was considered an element essential to life. Fluoride plays an important role in the body’s ability to perform metabolic and biochemical reactions that help prevent tooth decay and help bone formation. Essentially the government says that the fluoridation of water is more helpful than harmful for people as it is a good use of tax dollars as it treats upper class and lower class citizens equally in dental prevention.

Fluoride has been used by people for many decades. The most common use is in toothpaste. Fluoride was added to toothpaste to lower the amount of dental cavities that one gets, and works by protecting the enamel (outer hard layer over the tooth). Another use of fluoride is in drinking water. It was added to drinking water to also help with tooth decay. Many people are debating whether or not this is truly safe. In the essay, “The Fluoride Conspiracy”, by Laurie Higgs, she talks about the use of fluoride drinking waters and dangers it brings by using logos, pathos, and ethos.

Fluorides are compounds that have been combined with the element fluorine with another substance usually a metal (Cancer.org 2015). Fluoride is a naturally occurring element found in rocks, in soil everywhere, in fresh water and in ocean water (Fluoride information network 2015). Fluorides strengthen teeth already present inside the mouth. Once in the digestive tract they travel through the blood to areas with high

Also, fluoride has long been known as a toxic substance. This is the reason that it has been used in pesticides and rodenticides and now

Your drinking water is also a concern since fluoride is now classified as a neurotoxin. One thing that is easy enough to do is to use a fluoride filter. These can be

First a little bit about fluoride needs to be known. These are the unarguable facts about fluoride. Fluoride is the

Fluorine (F) is an element found in the 7th group of the periodic table from the halogen family. It’s an element that most reactive as it only needs to gain one electron to form Fluoride ion (F-). It’s in this form of fluoride that is found in our drinking water also known as fluoridated water. Water, food and living organisms are exposed to inorganic fluorides and they are hydrogen fluoride (HF), calcium fluoride (CaF2), sodium fluoride (NaF), sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and silicofluoride. Fluoride compounds are plentiful in the earth’s crust and naturally found in rocks, soils, salt and sea water, representing approximately 0.06-0.09%.

Fluoride was first used as a tranquilizer on prisoners prior to World War II. Fluoride’s disturbing history begins in 1924 when the German company I.G. Farben began receiving loans from wealthy and famous American families, including Henry Ford, J.D. Rockefeller, and Max Warburg to name a few. Together, they were the world’s largest producers of toxic sodium fluoride as a byproduct of aluminum production through the ALCOA. The ever inventive Germans had heaps of sodium fluoride laying around from war- time aluminum production, and I.G. Farben decided to find a use other

The most common fluorine minerals are fluorite, fluorspar and cryolite (Fluorine). Fluorine is also the 13th most common element in the Earth’s crust (Fluorine). There is 950 mg/L of fluorine in the earth’s crust (Periodic). Fluorine is also in seawater. Around 2,400 tons of fluorine gas and 4,700,000 tons of fluorite are produced each year (Periodic). Fluorine production areas are primarily in Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Russia, Mexico and Italy (Periodic). Fluorine is most commonly combined with sodium to form sodium fluoride (NaF) to put into toothpaste (Periodic). A very interesting fact about fluorine is that it is added to city water supplies in the proportion of about one part per million to help prevent tooth decay (The Element). Hydrofluoric acid is used to etch glass, including most of the glass that is used in light bulbs (The Element). You cannot purchase straight fluorine due to it being highly

Fluoride is a highly toxic substance, in terms of acute toxicity fluoride is just slightly less toxic than arsenic. Fluoride has long been used in pesticides and rat poison. Studies have shown that fluoride causes bone defects such as arthritis and skeletal fluorosis, thyroid disease, and even cancer. This raises the question, why would anyone think that water fluoridation is a good idea? (Fluoride Alert, 2017).

The United States does have fluorite deposits of its own, but most of the fluorite used for commercial use is imported from various countries with only very small amounts being mined from within the US. From 2011-2014 the major fluorite producers included, in order of largest US import percentage: Mexico (76%), China (11%), South Africa (8%), and Mongolia (3%). The countries with the largest production and reserves respectively of fluorspar in order of thousands of metric tons are: China (3,800, 24,000), Mexico (1,100, 32,000), Mongolia (375, 22,000), and South Africa (200, 41,000) [8]. Fluorspar is commonly found as vein or replacement deposits and as additions to other minerals and rock formations such as granite, carbonate, and alkaline rock which are mined using both underground and open pit mining methods. The most economically viable and widely used of these methods is vein mining, which produces some of the highest grades of fluorspar [9]. Before discussing the mining methods used, some key terms will be defined for reference.

Fluorine can be found in human’s body, animal, plants, other living things, etc. This element can find in a limited part of human’s body, which are our borns and bloodstream.

Super fluorine symbol is F and shines the letter F up in a dark night sky where the brightest stars are. To make them pop out so everyone in the city of New York knows he is here to save them from nasty bacteria. Fluorine atomic number is the number nine. Fluorine is originally a pale yellow. He came from outer space from a low mass star’s epic death. The low mass star life cycle was to the end moreover, now it's a white dwarf. Low Mass star begin their life with a stellar nebula then an average star, next red giant, second a planetary nebula. Lastly a white dwarf moreover, the end if its life cycle. Super fluorine is rare to see him in the universe, but he is the thirteen most common element in the earth's crust. He pops out of the ground

Though there are different classes of fluoride releasing materials, their properties need to be improved significantly before considering them as universal restorative materials. Although a single material would be desirable, compromises may be necessary when selecting materials.