Flying Fish And Gestalts Theory: Article Analysis

Rebecca Saxe’s Do the Right Thing: Cognitive Science’s Search for a Common Morality analyzes multiple research studies performed on the ethical ideas of morality. Saxe uses three current studies to validate her argument, including a Harvard internet study, research on the cognitive activity in the brains of an infant, and analysis of brain imaging using an fMRI. She uses logos and ethos in this essay to support her argument that scientific research will never fully explain the process that a human takes to make a sound, moral judgement, despite all of the innovative studies being performed. Saxe begins her argument by presenting a scenario that helps the reader to further understand the topic being discussed: moral dilemmas. The scenario includes

In “The Power of Situations,” Lee Ross and Richard E. Nisbett argue that there is significant evidence which leads

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Paper presentation for the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association April 10, 2011 in New Orleans, LA

Then Greene explains the moral brian, and describes it as “ dual mode camera with both automatic settings and manual mode ” (15). this concepts of moral brains is similar to what Daniel Karmanham author of Thinking Fast and Slow calls system one and sysytems two. system one: aperate automaticlly and quickly with little to no effort and no sences of vountry control(Kahneman20).While system two:allocates attentionto the effortful mental activiteis that demand it , including complex computations(20). There who diffrent settings of the brain that help humans make everyday choices. System one or automatic mode is the setting of the brain that usually uses the gut feeling that causes humans to react automatically. while system two or manual mode is usually for practical reasoning in situations usually causes humans to thinking more when solving a problem.The final idea Greene discusses is Common Currency this is when humans begin to search for a metamorality:a global moral philosophy that can adjudicates among competing tribal moralites (15

For decades, moral psychology had been heavily influenced by theories emphasising on the role of reason and emotion in making moral judgements. Moral reasoning was thought to be defined as a slow, conscious and deliberative mental process that involved effortful and controllable manipulation of given information to arrive to a judgement (Haidt, 2001). On the other hand, moral emotions involved an intuitive emotional process that occurs impulsively and effortless without the person having conscious awareness of the mental processes that led to the concluded judgement (Haidt, 2001).

What is morality? Where does our sense of morality come from and why is it important for us to know? The cognitive scientist, psychologist, linguist, and scholar, Steven Pinker discusses this in his essay, “The Moral Instinct”. In this essay, Pinker claims that our morality sense is innate, it constantly changes, and it is universal among each culture. Pinker also explains that moral sense shapes our judgement as it is something that we value and seek in other people. The science of the moral sense is important since it shows how morality impacts our actions and it explains why we act in certain ways.

The belief that various living organisms emerged from previous organisms throughout the history of the earth can be associated with the term evolution. One can therefore assume that there is a vast likelihood that prehistoric evolutionary processes have a significant impact on human behavior today. This paper hypothesizes that the human mind has information-processing mechanisms that are known as adaptions which have developed over time. It is believed that these adaptions were formed by natural selection in ancestral surroundings and have specialised functions that shape behaviour to allow one to solve specific adaptive challenges. Thus evolutionary psychologists suggest that individuals have what Jerome H. Barkow, Leda Cosmides, and John

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Also, his aim which is to give a complete theory of human nature is way over-ambitious. Yet, this can be argued that cognitive psychology has identified unconscious processes, like our memory (Tulving, 1972), processing information (Bargh &Chartrand, 1999), and social psychology has shown the significance of implicit processing (Greenwald & Banaji, 1995). These findings have confirmed unconscious processes in human behaviour.

Since being discovered, gestalt psychology created vital contributions to the psychology of thinking and problem solving influenced by thinkers, including, Immanuel Kant, Ernst Mach and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. This paper will reflect on the main influences on Gestalt psychology, their contributions, and the principles of perceptual organization.

Morality is defined as a system or code that we humans use to differentiate between right and wrong. This system could be derived from a number of factors: religion, culture, and upbringing. It is difficult enough to determine what an individual's morals are, but going further to determine how we came to possess those morals is even more ambitious. Still, regardless of its difficulty, this subject consumes many philosophers and psychologists. One such moral psychologists, Jonathan Haidt, is theorizing the possibility of evolution causing ones morality. Haidt is a moral psychologist at the Universtiy of Virgina further believes that complex social structures such as religion and politics as well as our need for social structures affect

Ideas in psychology have been influenced by many fields of study ranging from philosophy to physics. Evolutionary ideas, themselves, have had a substantial role in shaping psychological thought. This paper will provide an overview of the influence of evolutionary thought on the field of psychology along with a discussion of the range of societal implications associated with evolutionary psychology.

Frans de Waal begins his argument by first stating the question as to whether or not a human’s moral actions originated from the psychological and behavioral nature of our evolutionary ancestors. He concludes this thought by saying that our moral actions do, in fact, originate from the psychological and behavioral nature of our evolutionary ancestors. De Waal further argues that the foundations of human morals are found in the primates of today. They are composed of actions and emotions whose evolutionary role assists us in our social organization and unity. In the beginning pages of his book, De Waal

Ways of knowing shapes, reinforces, and work as checks to our moral instinct to a large extent, however they will be drawn together with intuition subconsciously which will affect our instinctive judgement the most. I will tackle the question by analysing it with ethics and natural science as the areas of knowledge. Ethics is related to the concept of moral in the issue of moral instinct. Natural science is used to analyse the extent of the effects that the ways of knowing have on the human instinctive