Describe The Main Hypothesis Tested In The Study

Have you ever been lost in a location foreign to you? Typically, a person who is lost will use a map to gather their bearings before heading off in the correct direction. A similar approach can be used to discuss recent brain mapping technology, the primary research of Dr. Allen Jones. Dr. Allen Jones is a brain research whose ultimate goal is to unveil a complete map of the human brain, using recent brain imaging and histological techniques. In his TED talk entitled, A Map of the Brain, Dr. Allen Jones discusses a brief overview of the anatomical structures of the brain, as well as, the methods and conclusions of his brain research.

This double dissociation therefore suggests that recognition of faces and common objects is served by different mechanisms that are independent for each other. Although brain cells of face recognition have not been located, some functional models could help us interpret face recognition and prosopagnosia. One of the most influential models was proposed by Bruce and Young (1986). In this model face recognition involves several steps, and three steps more relate to prosopagnosia.

The studies conducted by Northwestern say that brain activity increases in the first 200 milliseconds when we first interact with a person from our same race or from a different race. The studies say that there is a time right after a person meets another of the same race or a different race that determines whether the face is remembered or even forgotten. The point where the brain begins to remember or forget the memory is almost immediately after a person first sees the face. People also remember people by their attributes for example, you might see that a face reminds you of someone you know. You may see that the persons expression appears kind or afraid, or it looks like the face of a famous athlete or a singer. Being able to identify people's attributes increases the likelihood that a face will be

There are several different types of psychological and neurological phenomena that individuals live with every day. One of most interesting conditions that many individuals might not be aware of is prosopagnosia or face blindness. Prosopagnosia is the inability to recognize and distinguish faces. For example, individuals with this condition could have difficulty recognizing their child’s, spouse’s, parent’s, or friend’s face. Many individuals with prosopagnosia will rely on other features to distinguish between other people, such as hair style or color, voices, or posture. As discussed in Chapter 3, prosopagnosia is thought to affect the Fusiform Face Area.

For neuroscience to progress, existing investigative techniques must be improved and refined, and new technologies developed. The following discussion explores proposals for enhancing fMRI technology and modifying experimental approaches in animal research in order to advance knowledge in the field.

The research began by monitoring the brain and asking candidates to identify the human face emotion. The research went thoroughly as planned and gave many variations of answers that can now be studied. Later on they determine that, “The teens mostly used the amygdala, a small almond shaped region the guides instinctual or “gut” reactions,while the adults relied on the frontal cortex,which

In this essay we will talk about the fMRI method which is a functional neuroimaging procedure using MRI technology that measures brain activity. First we will talk about how it was used in the Kanwisher et al. research study about the fusiform face area. Then we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this method compared to the EEG and the TMS methods. And finally we will explain how the fMRI method was the most appropriate for the research we studied.

Overly, the model provides coherent explanation of many kind of information about faces and how they relate to each other. It provides evidence about significant differences in processing of familiar and unfamiliar faces. Nonetheless there are limitations. For instance, there is not enough information about processing unfamiliar faces. Burton et al. (1999)

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is a form of visual agnosia characterized by an inability to recognize faces. Usually those with Prosopagnosia are able to see the features on a person 's appearance with little difficulty; however, it is the retention and synthetization of those images that challenges them. Many people also report deficits in other aspects of face processing, such as judging age or gender, recognizing certain emotional expressions, or following the direction of a person 's eye gaze. Currently, scientists have yet to come to a consensus on the actual cause of the disease, but many suspect it is linked to extensive damage of the occipital and temporal lobes. Presently, one speculation is that Prosopagnosia is connected to the fusiform gyrus, an area of the brain located on the inferior/median temporal lobe. As found by researchers, “the fusiform gyrus is thought to constitute a “core” visual representation system for faces, in part because they show face selectivity and face repetition suppression” (Furl, N., Garrido, L., Dolan, R. J., Driver, J., & Duchaine, B., 2011, 1723-1740). However, looking at recent fMRI studies, scientists are questioning whether these conditions and damages to the fusiform gyrus relate to face processing skills at all (Furl, N. et al, 2011). Due to this uncertainty another theory has evolved. As stated by Gainotti (2010, 763-766), “prosopagnosia is due to disruption of purely visual entities, the face

Prosopagnosia is defined as the difficulty in recognizing an individuals face; it is broken down into 3 main types; Apperceptive prosopagnosia, associative prosopagnosia and developmental prosopagnosia. Perception is an important aspect when recognizing faces, without recognizing the stimulus (face) you would not be able to identify a person. Therefore the individuals who sufferer from this disorder is unable to accurately recognize a face whether that be the face of a familiar person such as a family member or close friend, the face of a famous person, or even their own face. This paper will look at prosopagnosia in greater detail, it will explain the 3 main types, as well as give insight as to why face recognition is important in our

In addition, measuring fMRI responses across visual areas ranging from the V1 to fusiform face

Facial recognition involves the identification of individuals through the use of their facial features and, or expressions (MS, 2017). The model of facial recognition seeks to discover exactly how the brain is able to recognize facial features both consciously and unconsciously (Schweinberger & Burton, 2003). The following set of experiments seeks to study overt and covert facial recognition (Schweinberger & Burton, 2003). Covert facial recognition is the unconscious recognition of familiar faces (Maureen, 2016). Whereas, overt facial recognition involves conscious facial recognition (Maureen, 2016). There are many considerable methods used by researchers to examine the process of covert and, or overt facial recognition (Schweinberger &

This also requires us to identify the importance of expertise for both object recognition and face recognition. Yin (1969) stated that individuals have a greater expertise at individuating faces. The expertise hypothesis proposes that “special” visual processing for faces is due to humans having expertise at individuating faces. Evidently humans are surrounded by faces from an early age and there is some evidence suggesting that from birth, babies have a mechanism which facilitates holistic processing of faces faster and more accurately (Nelson, 2001). So, just as recognition of snakes and dangerous animals is innately hard-wired to generate a fear response, the same hard-wired responses to faces may also be innate in order to

Their theory has enough empirical evidence although it lacks the initial face detection stage and can be said to be inflexible, with limited case study size resulting in the findings having the possibility of lacking generalizability.

Figure 6 demonstrates the parcellation procedure for a single functional region. The position of each functional region from the Paxinos atlas was used as a starting point to define a probable functional region in the acquired fcPAT images. The probable region was a disk that was centered at the corresponding center of the atlas, with a diameter equal to the longest length of that region in the atlas, to assure that the whole potential functional region is within the probable