Focal Ischaemia

Ischemic stroke is the blockage of blood vessels in the brain as a result of blood clots (thrombi), causing the portions of the brain nourished by the vessel and its tributaries to be starved of nutrients, poisoned, and to eventually die (“Symptoms

A stroke is a type of cardiovascular disease that affects the cerebral arteries, those blood vessels that carry blood to the brain. A stroke occurs when one of those blood vessels in the brain is obstructed or ruptures flooding the brain with blood. Depriving blood and oxygen to the brain results in those immediate cells death, causing the brain not to function properly. Once parts of the brain stop functioning, it can directly affect the areas of the body controlled (1).

A stroke is the sudden death of brain cells in a localized area due to inadequate blood

Neuroradiological imaging plays an important role in the process of diagnosing ischaemic stroke. The different imaging modalities that can be used to diagnose ischaemic stroke include computed tomography (CT), magnetic imaging resonance (MRI), and radionuclide imaging. In this article, the different modalities that contribute to the diagnostic process are discussed, with a focus on CT scan protocols.

stroke is an acute episode of focal dysfunction of the brain, retina, or spinal cord lasting longer than 24 h, or of any duration if imaging (CT or MRI) or autopsy show focal infarction or haemorrhage relevant to the symptoms ,which is a leading cause of death and long term disability worldwide. It results from transient or permanent disruption of cerebral blood flow, leading to necrotic death of the brain tissue supplied by the affected artery. It activates an inflammatory condition in the affected area, marked by infiltration of inflammatory cells. Inflammation can induce an apoptotic cell death in the transition region between necrotic and normal tissue, so called penumbra, for a fairly prolonged period of time.[1].

A stroke is a condition which is characterised as loss of brain functioning due to an interruption in the blood flow to the brain (Buzzard, 2013, pg. 5). There are two types of strokes, ischaemic and hemorrhagic strokes (Buzzard, 2013, pg. 6). Ischaemic strokes are the most common type of stroke (Gomes & Wachsman, 2013). This type of stroke occurs due to an insufficient flow of blood to the brain, which is usually caused by an artery blockage (Gomes & Wachsman, 2013). Hemorrhagic strokes are due to hypertension and may be caused by medical problems or blood vessel abnormalities (Gomes & Wachsman, 2013). The strokes severity and location of the brain that is affected determines the impact of the stroke in an individual (Gomes & Wachsman, 2013).(Gomes, 2013)

Sometimes known as a brain attack, a stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain stops. Brain cells immediately start to die due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients they need to function. There are two types of strokes. The most common type, called ischemic stroke, is caused by a blood clot that blocks a blood vessel in the brain. The other kind of stroke, called hemorrhagic stroke, is caused by a blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain. Stroke is the fourth leading cause of death for Americans ("What You Need to Know About Stroke," 2013). In fact, according to the CDC, more than 795,000 people in the United States have a stroke every year ("Stroke Facts," 2015). A stroke can cause great damage in the brain and lead to mild or severe

Sometimes known as a brain attack, a stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain stops. Brain cells immediately start to die due to the lack of oxygen and nutrients they need to function. There are two types of strokes. The most common type, called ischemic stroke, is caused by a blood clot that blocks a blood vessel in the brain. The other kind of stroke, called hemorrhagic stroke, is caused by a blood vessel that breaks and bleeds into the brain. Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death for Americans. In fact, according to the CDC, more than 795,000 people in the United States have a stroke every year. A stroke can cause great damage in the brain and lead to mild or severe disabilities to the entire body such as paralysis, difficulties with

Stroke is known as, “the death of nerve cells caused by an interruption of blood flow to a region of the brain,” (Goodenough, 138). When a section of the brain is shut off, neurons cannot receive enough oxygen and glucose that they need and die. The seriousness of the stroke depends on where the interruption of blood flow took place. The destruction of neurons in certain regions of the brain can cause the, “abilities controlled by that area of the brain such as memory and muscle control are lost,” (National Stroke Association). There

Have you at one time ask yourself what happens to the human brain if ever blood failed to flow to it? The answer is very simple. If the flow of blood in the brain gets discontinued then you will get a stroke.

Cerebrovascular disease is “any abnormality of the brain caused by a pathologic process in the blood vessels.” (McCance, 2015) Aneurysms and strokes or cerebrovascular accidents encompass this category. There are three categories of strokes: ischemic (thrombotic or embolic), global hypoperfusion, and intracerebral hemorrhage. Thrombotic strokes are caused by arterial occlusions from blood clots formed in the arteries supplying the brain or in the intracranial vessels (McCance, 2015). The development of blood clots or thrombi in the venous channels of the brain is called cerebral thrombosis. Cerebral thrombosis is mostly ascribed to atherosclerosis and inflammatory disease processes that damage arterial walls. Inadequate cerebral perfusion creates damage in the arterial walls where platelets and fibrin attach to forming a thrombus. “Portions of the clot detach and travel up the vessel to distant sites where occlusion occurs, producing a stroke syndrome.” (McCance, 2015) An embolic stroke occurs when a fragment that breaks from a thrombus outside of the brain occludes a cranial artery, usually the middle cerebral artery.

When a brain artery is blocked, an ischemic stroke occurs and electrical activity is compromised. The areas of injury in the brain are the core ischemic zone (the main area that blood flow is at its lowest) and the ischemic penumbra (surrounding area). Neurons carry necessary oxygen and glucose to the brain. When the brain is deprived of oxygen and glucose, brain cells, glial cells, and vascular cells are affected depending on the amount of blood supply and duration of blocked blood supply to the area. Cells in the penumbra have a chance of restoration if blood flow from surrounding arteries compensate. For areas absent of blood flow, hypoxic injury occurs and cells go through necrosis while surviving cells may

Stroke occurs when there is ischemia to a part of the brain that results in brain cell death. Movement, sensations and emotions that were controlled by the affected area of the brain where the stroke occurred are impaired or permanently lost. The severity of the loss of functions varies to the extent and specific location of the damage done to the brain (Flemming, K.D., 2013). Stroke is the fourth most common cause of death with over 800,000 people annually is affected in the US. Of the individuals who have survived a stroke, 15-30% will live with permanent disabilities.

Cerebral vascular accident or stroke is a serious condition in which the blood supply in the brain is reduced or unable to give the brain tissues the proper oxygen and nutrients it needs to properly function, killing brain cells immediately if not treated and diagnosed in a timely manner.

A constant flow of blood to the brain is vital to its proper functioning. Blood supplies the brain with oxygen and to perform maximally the brain requires about 25% of the body’s oxygen (Webb, 2016). Lack of oxygen for a prolonged period results in cell death causing irreversible damage to the brain. Two paired arteries, four total, supply the vital source of blood to the brain and spinal cord.