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Foils In Hedda Gabler

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In the play Hedda Gabler, Henrik Ibsen uses dramatic foils to criticize societal expectations of women in 19th century Norwegian Society. Ibsen manipulates the literary devices within the play to portray the contrasting passions, desires and goals that vary within the female characters. In turn showing their struggle against Victorian society and seeking intellectual or even emotional empowerment as individuals. The stage description, introduces Hedda’s as an aristocratic lady who physically embodies “breeding and distinction”. Through the nouns “breeding” and “distinction”, Ibsen conveys a sense of being moulded by Norwegian society to conform to societal norms. A depiction that positions her as being forced into proper societal etiquette …show more content…

Like Hedda, Thea has entered a loveless marriage, a marriage of convenience. Both are dissatisfied by their husband’s inability to fulfil their emotional and intellectual needs. However, Thea asserts her individuality, renounces a distasteful marriage, and gains freedom. Unlike Hedda, she has no fear of gossip and scandal: "I have done nothing, but what I had to do," Thea is unrepentant about leaving her husband, disregarding social norms to seek fulfilment. In doing so she finds intellectual fulfilment within a metaphorical “marriage” with Lovborg, creating a “child”. Lovborg refers to the book as being a physical representation of Thea’s “pure soul” showing that the act of destroying the book was similar to “child-murder” as it took away the absolute joy and fulfilment that Thea had been seeking, which is very similar to the emotions that women tend to develop when they have their own children. In contrast, Hedda’s impending pregnancy saddens her because a child will tie her down and therefore she seeks to strip Thea of her fulfilment by “burning” Thea and Lovborg’s child similar to her desire to “burn” Thea’s hair. The usage of the verb, burn shows Hedda’s destructive and vicious nature towards Thea who has found

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