For My Research Paper, I Have Decided To Explore The Human

Research has identified different types of aggression to include instrumental, reactive, relational, bullying aggression (Berger, 2008; Merrell, Buchanan, & Tran, 2006; Cappella & Weinstein, 2006) and social aggression [ (Merrell, Buchanan, & Tran, 2006; Cappella & Weinstein, 2006) ].

Aggressions can be broadly divided in to two types: Reactive/ Impulsive aggression (RA) refers to aggression that is impulsive, emotionally charged, affective and uncontrolled. It has its theoretical roots in the frustration-tolerance theory. It is most often observed in response to a perceived threatening stimulus and is frequently accompanied by negative affect, facial expressions described as hostile, temper tantrums,

According to Berkowitz (1993) aggression refers to goal-directed motor behavior that has a deliberate intent to harm or

Aggression is a natural part of human behavior, and can even be adaptive in certain situations. However, when aggression manifests itself in violent behaviors, it becomes problematic. Patterns of aggression change throughout childhood, adolescence, and early adulthood, and these changes usually differ between males and females (Loeber, 1997). Physical aggression is typically greatest early in life and decreases during adolescence, whereas more serious violence tends to increase with age, particularly during adolescence (Loeber, 1997). Despite the changes that occur in aggressive tendencies throughout childhood and adolescence, aggression is seen as a very stable trait, almost as stable as

Explanation of concept: Aggression is an act of physical or verbal violence that is intended to hurt somebody. Aggression may be caused by something happening in the moment or it could be something that has been planned out. Anything that causes frustration could lead to aggression (Stewart, 2014, book

Aggression is defined as behaviour directed towards another living being with the intent of harming or injuring them in someway, and can be defined as either

Some may perceive aggression as unhealthy and anti social but managed in a positive way can be empowering and enabling to individuals, groups and society as a whole.

Aggression is distinguished in two forms, affective aggression and instrumental aggression. Affective aggression is aggression that is caused by emotions such as anger and frustration whereas instrumental aggression is aggression that is used as a means to some other goal. In the below, I will discuss both using the example of a child bullying another as instrumental aggression and a recent fatal stabbing of a young girl as both instrumental and affective aggression.

An example of aggression, I look at the Ray Rice situation. What Ray Rice did was so incredibly wrong and I am not at all standing up for him, but when I watch the video and read the different articles, you can see that he really didn’t use much force when he pushed her, but it still knocked her out because of the strength he has. (Badenhausen, 2014) As

Meyers and Dewall 2015, has defined aggression as “any act intended to harm someone physically or emotionally.” Ferguson and Beaver 2009 defines aggression as “behavior which is intended to increase the social dominance of the organism relative to the dominance position of other organisms.” This definition is more directed towards the evolutionary influences of violence. Human ancestors lived in a survival of the fittest world. In order to survive, they needed to be the strongest, smartest and most dominant. Another definition from The World Health Organization (2009) states that violence is “the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual against oneself, another person pr against a group or community, that either results in or has high like hood of resulting injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment or deprivation.” Aggression does not always have to be negative. Violence is accepted in some forms such as for sport, self-defense, defense of others, war, etc. For the purpose of this paper, aggression will be looked at in a negative way. To try to understand violence, the Nature verse Nurture lens will be

Aggression was determined by using the Pulkkinen aggression machine or PAM. PAM is a computerized task used to study reactive aggression. PAM task takes about 20 minutes, and consists of three conditions; arbitrary condition, impulsive aggression condition, and controlled aggression condition. The arbitrary condition basically served as a training condition. The impulsive aggression condition had rows of stimulus and response icons used to represent aggression, based on intensity. Intensity levels ranged from 0 to 7, with 0 being harmless interaction and 7 being punched in the face. Participants were then told to retaliate against the unidentified assailant without having fear of being reprimanded. The controlled aggression condition was similar to the impulsive aggression condition except for this time, the assailant was specified, and his picture showed up on the screen. Participants were asked to react how they would in a real-life scenario against the attacker. The stimulus–response was calculated by subtracting the stimulus intensity score from the response intensity

A little boy pushing his friend to get the same toy or a teen calling name to his classmates may be considered as aggression according to Social Psychologist. Aggression is any behaviors that are meant to harm or hurt oneself, others or objects either physically, verbally or emotionally with a particular intent or motive. Often aggression and violence are used similarly. Violence is the use of power or force physically to hurt, harm or injure someone and destroy objects. Aggression may be a behavior with a feeling of anger but may not necessarily lead to violence and may take place directly or indirectly depending on the motive or intent.

Aggression is defined as the intention to cause physical or psychological harm to oneself, an object, or another, in a form that is not socially sanctioned. Aggression can be further subdivided into types of aggression, for example Predatory Aggression- hunting-, Social Aggression- stalking-, and Defensive Aggression- defence of personal practice.

But, what is aggression in the first place? Aggression is a behavior that causes or intends to cause harm to others. Accidental harm does not count as

For males and females, there is substantial evidence for environmental factors effecting aggressive behavior, particularly factors in the home, such as parental attitudes, parental discipline, role models and television violence.