Fordyce Happiness Cognitive-Efficacy Theory Essay

In “Happiness 101,” Harvard professor Dr. Tal Ben-Shahar presents his ideas pertaining to the achievability of happiness. He begins by discussing how individuals must give themselves permission to be human, so that they can feel the negative feelings before they reach the positive feelings. If negative feelings are held back without release, then they only intensify eventually blocking out the positive feelings. Ben-Shahar continues his presentation to the topic of managing stress on the micro, mezza, and macro levels. These levels include the ideas of meditation, sleep, taking time off, vacations, and the “three deep breaths.” Simplifying agendas and practicing quality over quantity has a positive effect on stress levels as well. At the conclusion of his presentation, Ben-Shahar discusses the positive effect of practicing gratitude on health, happiness, and well-being. After listening to Tal Ben-Shahar’s presentation, I completely agree with every point that Ben-Shahar uses over the topics of giving permission to be human, stress management, and practicing gratitude covered throughout his presentation over happiness.

A second suggested activity during pregnancy could be for the pregnant woman to take care of herself psychologically and emotionally, to ensure that she is not too stressed or experiencing anxiety. Regular relaxation could be advised by taking up yoga and meditation. Too much prenatal stress can have negative developmental implications for the child later in life. Research has indicated that when mothers-to-be have high levels of pregnancy-specific anxiety, their offspring were significantly more likely to show lower inhibitory control among girls, and lower visuospatial working memory performance among girls and boys (Buss et al., 2011).

In this paper I will address a major concern that woman may have to deal with during their pregnancy known as postpartum depression or otherwise known as the “ baby blues”. Although having to deal with a mix of emotions and mood swings during pregnancy, postpartum depression can lead to a more severe form of baby blues known in the clinical world as postpartum non-psychotic depression that requires professional intervention. This type of depression is so severe that it can lead to suicide, and harm to both her and the newborn. The goal of this paper is to introduce therapeutic methods of communication that allows the new mom to be exposed to an environment that allows her to address negative feelings, and stressors so that postpartum non-psychotic depression does not have a chance to develop.

8-15% of all new mother’s experience postpartum depression. Postpartum can last anywhere from one month to one year long. Not only does postpartum effect the wellbeing of the mother, but also effects the child in numerous ways. When a mother suffers from postpartum it effects the mother-child relationship, there is a disconnect. When a mother suffers from postpartum it affects her parenting, which also inevitably effect a child’s behavior and can cause delay in cognition. Clark, Tluczek and Wenzel (2003) carried out an experiment to show the significance of using a different, non-traditional treatment when dealing with postpartum depression. They hypothesized in this study that when comparing the traditional treatment for postpartum depression to

The baby blues are much more common than postpartum depression in women after pregnancy. The incidence of baby blues are approximately four out of every 5 new mothers. Whereas postpartum depression accounts for 1 in every 5 new mothers. Maternal depression such as the baby blues or postpartum depression are cultural phenomenons. The text states that these feelings and symptoms after childbirth are not limited to the United States. In fact, they are observed in many developing and non-developed countries as well such as China, Australia, South America, etc. Researchers believe the main contribution to these feelings new mothers experience have to do with our physiological factors. Physiological factors such as changes in hormone levels are believed

Postpartum depression is the most common psychological complexity that occurs after childbirth (Bakhshizadeh, 2013). This form of depression has been reported to be as high as 20% (Asltoghiria, 2012). The mother will begin to experience postpartum depression between the birth of the infant and 6 to 8 weeks later (Bhati, 2015). Depending on the person, the typical length of postpartum depression ranges anywhere from two weeks to two years in length (Posmontier, 2010). It is thought that postpartum depression affects mothers of multiples at a greater incidence than mothers whom birth just one child, and the chance increases with the number of children in a multiple birth. Evidence shows that the older the mother’s age at the time of birth, shows there is no notable increase in the risk of being diagnosed with postpartum depression. Another factor that is thought to have an influence on the diagnosis of postpartum depression is income within the household. A study shows that as income goes down, the risk of having

Cross sectional study design was adopted to accomplish the study objective. All the women who came for postnatal follow up to studied hospital from June to July 2012 formed the sampling frame. We decided to study at least 96 postnatal mothers based on minimum estimated PND prevalence of 10% with 6% precision, 95% confidence level [19]. All the women who came for follow up from 4th to 10th week of postnatal period from June to Nov 2012 were included. Women with acute severe illness or cognitive impairment or not willing to consent for voluntary participation were excluded. In a day maximum of two postnatal women, satisfying inclusion and

"Post pregnancy anxiety is the thing that ladies experience in the wake of having an infant. Behavioral impacts and organic instruments prompting post pregnancy anxiety and depressive

So you’ve just found out you 're pregnant and are feeling ecstatic about the bundle of joy that will soon be present in your life. The first few weeks fly by as you’re making plans for your baby room decorations and all the cute toys, clothes, and accessories you plan to buy for your child.

Having a baby should be one of the happiest and most important events in a woman's life. However, although life with a new baby can be both thrilling and rewarding, it can also be a difficult and quite stressful task. Most women make the transition without great difficulty, yet some women experience considerable complexity that may manifest itself as a postpartum psychiatric disorder (O'hara, Hoffman, Philips, & Wright, 1992). Many physical and emotional changes can occur to a woman during the time of her pregnancy as well as following the birth of her child. These particular changes can leave a new mother feeling sad, anxious, afraid and confused. For many women, these feelings; which are

A model of maternal postpartum depression was tested in which (a) difficult infant temperament was construed as a stressor and (b) supportive interpersonal relationships were construed as a protective resource. It was hypothesized that both infant temperamental difficulty and level of social support would affect maternal depression through the cognitive mediation of perceived self-efficacy in the parenting role. Participants were 55 married women who were assessed during pregnancy and again 3 months postpartum. Infant temperament was assessed through observation, maternal crying records, and the Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire. Results of a path analysis indicated that infant temperamental difficulty was strongly related to the mothers'

Depression is a major public health issue, affecting 300 million people worldwide. It is more common among women than men (World Health Organization [WHO], 2017). Postpartum depression is the most common complication of childbirth and maternal mental health issues are regarded as a public health concern all over the world (Shidhaye & Giri, 2014). The paper first seeks to understand postpartum depression from the public health perspective. It then describes the health belief model of behavior change and its constructs. Finally, the paper examines the use of health belief model in assessing beliefs of women at the risk of or suffering from postpartum depression.

In the article titled, “Preterm Birth in the United States: Impact of Stressful Life Events Prior to Conception and Maternal Age”, by Whitney P. Witt, PhD, MPH, Erika R. Cheng, PhD, MPA, Lauren E. Wisk, PhD, Kristin Litzelman, PhD, Debanjana Chatterjee, MA, Kara Mandell, MA, and Fathima Wakeel, PhD, MPH, researchers were trying to answer questions related to whether and to what extent a woman’s exposure to stressful life events prior to conception (PSLEs) was associated with preterm birth and whether maternal age modified this relationship? To answer these questions, the researchers studied on five major concerns. In the first half of the studies: preterm birth, stressful life events prior to conception, and prenatal health and stress. In

But when depression, anxiety and low self-esteem is baseline for a mother…that baby is likely to be experiencing the same thing. What can I do, as a pregnant mother, to ensure that my mental health is in the best state in can be? It has really been a lesson in learning to let things go and ask myself how important is this? I am finding that this is good practice for me and hopefully I will continue it after pregnancy. I am using physical activity, if endorphins make me happy…they should make baby happy. I am learning and implementing breathing and grounding techniques to reduce anxiety and racing thoughts. I have learned with my therapist that my body is pretty used to constantly being in a state of high alert. I do not want to pass this to my baby. Education…simply learning about these factors has influenced greater awareness and desire to improve my quality of living for my unborn baby, but also for myself. These factors not only influence my unborn baby…but as we learned throughout the class the caregiver’s, in this case my, state of being also impact the ability to affect secure attachment with a new infant. Basically, we know that these changes are healthy changes but starting them early in pregnancy may very well increase the overall health of my baby. “Being aware of your unborn baby at all times is the first stage in bonding with her and making sure you have a good relationship in the future.” (Stoppard, M. (2008). Conception, Pregnancy & Birth: The Childbirth Bible for Today's Parents (revised ed., p. 192). N.p.: Penguin,

It is common sense that all the human beings would like to live a happy life and they will spare no efforts in order to realize the purpose of really living a happy life in the end. However, different people have different definitions toward what a happy life is and they tend to have different standards as for how a life is that can be regarded as a happy life. There is no doubt that people will then try different means in order to pursue a happy life based on their definition toward what a happy life is. Therefore, the following will talk about the pursuit of a happy life from the perspectives of both Dalai Lama in The Art of Happiness and Viktor E. Frankl in Man’s Searching for Meaning, during which the experiences of some characters from the film Forrest Gump will be applied as evidence. Generally speaking, the pursuit of a happy life in the minds of Dalai Lama and Viktor E. Frankl can be achieved via experiencing sufferings and adversity. It is hoped that this analysis can help people understand what a happy is from a different point of view.