Foreign Direct Investment Essay

Foreign direct investment FDI is an investment of a company from one country to another whereby assets are acquired, operations are set up and joint ventures with local firms are made (Financial Times , n.d.). FDI is a risky and more expensive method of venturing globally as compared to licensing and exporting, however it does not stop companies from doing so due to its many advantages. FDI is one of the key drivers in speeding up the development and economic growth in Malaysia. Sound macroeconomic management, presence of a well-functioning financial system and sustained economic growth has made Malaysia an attractive country for FDI. Moreover, FDI plays a crucial role in Malaysia economy as it generates economic growth by increasing capital formation through the expansion of production capacity.

The mainstream economic argument in favor of FDI is the existence of positive spillovers. It is argued that domestic companies benefit from the information and knowledge about advanced technology, marketing and management techniques that MNCs bring into the host country. Spillovers may occur through various channels, such as the movement of employees from MNCs to domestic companies and the technical support of MNCs to domestic suppliers.

As well as the direct impact on employment and wider economic benefits of FDI as follows:

The benefits brought by FDI to China are apparent. Economy is influenced by FDI in a number of ways. FDI involves transfer knowledge in the host country, which will create an increase on the existing stock of knowledge through labor training, the transfer of skills, and the transferring of new managerial and organizational experience. Also, it can help local corporations to access to advanced technology by capital accumulation in host countries (Mello, 1999 and Mello, 1997). Furthermore, FDI may allow China to develop in technology and knowledge which are not readily available locally, as a consequent increase productivity growth through the economy (Jose, 2003).

On the contrary, for developing countries FDI can be a big aid to boost their economy and to increase the level of

Welcoming MNC’s by developing countries provide them with lot of benefits. MNC’s identify need of such market and help them to grow economically and socially. The point of concern is the size of investment in the host country. Although government promotes FDI by attracting MNC’s with comfortable investment schemes and subsidies. But still FDI has its own advantages and disadvantage for Host & Home country.

Foreign direct investment by multinational corporations is the action of obtaining controlling equity share of a firm in a foreign country. There has been many discussions about the role of FDI in affecting a country’s unemployment rate and economic growth. Of which many believed

Dunning’s OLI paradigm (1976) is used to support firms to locate its production in countries that are financially beneficial for them. According to Dunning, “the paradigm offers a holistic framework to take in consideration all of the important factors that influence the decision of a MNE.” (Stefanović, 2008, p.241) FDI is determined through the composition of the three powerful advantages; ownership, location and internationalisation as shown in figure 1. The thesis is to assess, ‘why go multinational?’, ‘how to choose the best location?’ and ‘what actions have to be taken to enter a foreign market?’

They FDI also increase the amount of investment and consumption goods within a country. This sets the pace for development since most of these goods that multinational corporations produce are usually for export purposes. Increased export performance also helps in mobilization of the labor and accumulation of capital within the host country4. This greatly improves the trading position of the country in question by improving its Balance of Trade statement. Increased exports not only increase the productivity of a country but also provide a country with foreign exchange which in turn increases imported capital to assist in the development of a country4.

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an investment made by a company or individual in one country in business interests in another country, in the form of either establishing business operations or acquiring business assets in the other country, such as ownership or controlling interest in a foreign company. Foreign direct investments are distinguished from portfolio investments in which an investor merely purchases equities of foreign-based companies. The key feature of foreign direct investment is that it is an investment made that establishes either effective control of, or at least substantial influence over, the decision making of a foreign business.

“Let’s talk about Investment from one country into another normally by companies rather than governments that involve establishing operations or acquiring tangible assets, including stakes in other businesses. Foreign direct investment is well-known from group of foreign investment by the factor of control. FDI is a transfer of ownership; it usually involves the transfer of factors matching to capital, including management, technology and organizational skills. (D. A. MacDougall G. 1960.). Businesses that make foreign direct investments are often called multinational corporations may make a direct investment by creating a new foreign enterprise, or by the acquisition of a foreign firm. In the framework of foreign direct investment, advantages and disadvantages are one way or another kind of perspective. A Foreign

An FDI may provide some great advantages for the MNE but not for the foreign country where the investment is made. On the other hand, sometimes the deal can work out better for the foreign country depending upon how the investment pans out. Ideally, there should be numerous advantages for both the MNE and the foreign country, which is often a developing country. We'll examine the advantages and disadvantages from both perspectives, starting with the advantages for multinational enterprises (MNES).

One of the primary benefits of foreign direct investment is that it helps the developing country. When a large corporation pours millions or billions of dollars into building part of its business in that country, it can significantly stimulate the local economy. This helps other businesses in the surrounding

Outside prompt endeavor (FDI) is consistently contributing in the valuable improvement toward the economy of one country in light of the hypothesis by another country or country 's personnel 's. The reasonability and adequacy of Global economy depends on the theorist 's perception, if wander seen with the inspiration driving long terms enthusiasm for the social-judicious change then it is said that the hypothesis contributes completely towards overall economy, in case it is transient with the deciding objective of making advantage then it may be less tremendous than that whole deal and disinvestment leads negative effect. The FDI may moreover be impacted due to the regulatory trade preventions and methodologies for the remote ventures and prompts less or more fruitful toward responsibility in economy furthermore GDP and GNP of the country.

The United States has been the world’s largest recipient of foreign direct investment since 2006. This is largely due to the fact that the U.S. investment climate is one of the most attractive ones around the globe, due to the predictability of consistent regulatory policies, legal protections, a highly innovative environment, skilled workers, and most importantly, the world’s largest consumer market. The United States has the most open investment landscape of any country in the world, which affords national treatment to foreign direct investments, regardless of the country of origin, due largely to the bilateral investment treaties entered into by the U.S. Foreign direct investment in the U.S. has continued to rise through more recent years,