Forging, Horticulture, Agriculture, Industrialism And The Information Age

Farming has been a source of work ever since man has been introduced to the earth, but the past 100 years have been promising in continuing to provide for the needs of the growing population. The people have become more educated, and technology has become much more advanced. The two have come together to boon the land and animals so that they produce to their fullest potential. The people of the world have been influenced to the extent that they work smarter not harder to provide for the growing population. Farming, a crucial necessity to the survival of mankind, has evolved in the area of education of the people which has assisted in the advances of technology, land, and animal production which will lead to the provision of food for the growing

Some of the American Cultures have different methods they that use in order to be able to find food. Foraging is a mode of livelihood base on obtaining food that is available in nature methods such as gathering, hunting, fishing or scavenging (Miller, 2013). Sometimes they do not have difficulties with finding food so a lot of times they will just have to hunt for food. Fr example, they will collect different things from a nearby river such as fish or and small species that they see that they can eat. The men are the ones that do most of the hunting of the big animals because the big animals go a long way. In order for the American Cultures they have to be prepared. They have to rely on a diverse set of tools used for gathering, transporting and processing wild food (Miller, 2013). They need tools in order to be able to catch food so that they are able to eat and so that they are able to plant things in the ground such as corn, potatoes, tomatoes, and different kinds of fruits.

One of the biggest technological turning points in human population history was the Agricultural revolution. The Agricultural revolution provided a surplus of resources that increased a given population’s survival. This happens when a hunter-gatherer society learns to farm instead of solely depending on hunting for food or other resources. During the Agricultural revolution, with fertile soil and knowledge of climate, the potential of farming could produce a large surplus of resources with carrying capacity. This advancement in resource management increased life expectancy compared to previous hunter gathering societies. Nutrition is the name of the game, which provided people livelihood and health so people could live longer. This means mortality rate decreases via population surviving for longer periods of time. On a graph, population can represent the x value and resources as the y, and both values have a positive correlation. Therefore, producing more resources increases the population growth during this time of social development. During the Agricultural Revolution, a surplus of goods created a social stratification system that made populations more stable than the previous hunter-gatherers. Hm?

The Industrial Revolution set people away from farms and small villages and moved them to cities and towns because of the job opportunities that arose in the cities. The Industrial Revolution not only helped people move along in the late 1700s and early 1800s but also it has made the people what they are today. During the Industrial Revolution, the movement from an agrarian society to an industrial one reshaped the roles of families, widen the gap between classes, and led to the developments in communication, transportation, and other scientific fields that completely changed humanity.

One way pastoral nomads lived a different lifestyle than transhumant herders was through agriculture. First, agriculture was a big part of the nomad’s lifestyle. The earliest sign of agriculture is in Southwest Asia and was their main form of survival which included planting crops and domesticating animals. Agriculture gave people a regular food supply, and eventually was able to produce surpluses of food (pg.7). Thus, surpluses of food allowed for large populations and for labor specialization. Large populations and labor specialization led to social classes which ranked from highest to lowest was: elites (kings, religious leaders), commoners (craftsmen/farmers), and slaves. As wealth and social standings grew, so did the gender gaps. Women were thought of as being the first to begin the systematic care of plants, while men began to capture animals and domesticating them (pg.7). Transhumant herders lived a much different lifestyle than those of the nomads.

To continue, agriculture and farming is essensial because we need food to survive and it helps with a regions economic growth. This human activity however, is creating

Subsistence strategies are patterns of production, distribution, and consumption that members of a society employ to ensure the satisfaction of the basic material survival needs of humans. There are many forms these strategies can take. These groups fall into two main categories, food collectors and food producers. Food collectors are those who gather, hunt, or fish for food. Examples of this would be pastoralism, and horticulture. An example of pastoralism can be seen in the savannas, pastoralists and their animals gather when rain water is abundant and the pasture is rich, then scatter during the drying of the savanna. Horticulture can be seen in ancient Mayan culture, in the cornfields, multiple crops were grown such as beans (using cornstalks as supports), squash, pumpkins and chili peppers. Food producers on the other

But the men also went hunting for deer, buffalo and rabbits while the women picked natural berries and other edible foods in their area. The people in this tribe communicate in the

As the Earth’s population grows at breakneck pace over the next several decades, who will feed the world’s people? Agriculture has undergone an extensive expansion and transformation throughout the last few centuries, beginning with the Industrial Revolution of the late 1700s. New technology allowed for better and greater methods of production. With the development of modern technology, people try to think some way can plant less, get more. Many farmers plant only one crop in the same place year after year. However, those against monocropping claim that it is very hard on the environment and actually less profitable than organic means of farming (“Monoculture Crops – Learn About The Effects Of Monocropping”). In addition, the destructive nature of agriculture has recently shown its hand. While our supermarkets, convenience stores, and restaurants are filled with abundant food options, people forget to ask themselves where all this food comes from. Globalization has opened up economies of scale and has allowed people to tap into different types of products, whether that is food or clothing. But the availability of an increased mass market comes at a cost. However, today, the modern farming techniques have grown into a headache for farmers and governments alike, because they are the consequences of overproduction, industrial waste and other problems arising from the modern methods of agriculture. Thus, modern techniques are harmful to environments, animals, and humans.

The hunter-gatherer society had been around for thousands of years. In this type of environment the men are known to be the hunters and the women are the gatherers. In many cases this saying could be argued, but the actions of the two genders prove to be very different. This can be in todays world in simple activities such as shopping. Men and women differ in shopping by how they shop, why they stop, and what the stop for.

Horticulture is defined as "the production of plants using a simple nonmechanized technology" (Nanda and Warms 2006:148), while Webster's Dictionary defines horticulture as the art or science of growing fruits, vegetables, plants, flowers, or trees. When most people think of horticulture, they simply think of gardening or farming. Most people do not associate horticulture with culture itself or how horticulture relates to anthropology, or the study human culture. In all actuality, horticulture is a major part of cultural anthropology. The groups that hunt and grow food, and the associated eating rituals or ceremonies associated with food differs by culture or environment. This paper will discuss the subsistence pattern of horticulture as

First, I would like to discuss the strategy of hunting and gathering, the sole strategy until twelve thousand years ago. Hunting and gathering is a form of subsistence dependent upon wild plants and animals for the majority of the calories of the diet. While its name underscores the importance of hunting in this lifestyle, this is misleading as the majority of caloric needs in societies practicing this strategy are met by gathering wild edible plants and berries.

The Neolithic Revolution was one of the major turning points in human history. From hunters and gathers, we turned to farming to fill our daily dose of nutrition. Everybody was impacted due to this drastic change. The population grew, children started to work, and changing roles within a family. Before the Neolithic Revolution women took up a role as a major economic supplier to the family. But with this revolution, it was difficult for them to continue this role to do the longer period of time due to their responsibilities of carrying children, raising young children and dealing with their upbringing. Many just believe in the obvious positives with agricultural, but there were many setbacks. Some of these setbacks include new view of inequality,

The Agta people show equality within genders through their means of sustenance—foraging. According to Estioko-Griffin and Griffin, the Agta women have evidently shown much participation—equal to the men—when dealing with hunting and gathering food resources. However, it has also been stated that there is a slight presence of sexual division of labor. For example, when hunting, most women do not directly hunt by bows and arrows, traps, or machetes, depending on the geographical region in which they live. What most do instead is that they assist the men during the hunt (Estioko-Griffin & Griffin 2012: 125). Nevertheless, their involvement in the hunting is quite significant. The Agta women help carry game—or wild animals—back home, which is no small feat, since such game consists of hefty pigs and deer. In regions such as the Malibu River, there are women who are deemed as proficient in hunting with bows and arrows (Estioko-Griffin & Griffin 2012: 126). Another means of obtaining food is through fishing, an activity equally performed by both genders. The only selectivity exhibited is when a woman is either pregnant or physically older; however, such

In this unit’s text, we learned about modernization of society and how agriculture permitted nomadic hunt-and-gather groups to become stabilized and centralized in one location. The text and supporting video clips introduced both positive and negative anthropological effects of the rise of agriculture. Three positive outcomes include stabilization, improved nutrition, and food surplus. For each of these positive instances, there is an alternate and negative impact as well: habitat destruction, feast and famine cycles, and health concerns. This essay will briefly expound on each positive outcome and its counterpart, and will relate the sustainable agrarian achievements of the people of the Gamo Highlands to these effects.