Ancient life includes many creatures that lived long ago, including dinosaurs, as well as sea creatures, mammals and insects that are no longer alive today. Most were later fossilized, which is how we know they existed. Fossils were usually formed near water or in very wet places because sediment runoff buries the creatures quicker and allows them to fossilize quicker too. Also, softer creatures without bones and cartilage didn’t fossilize as often as creatures with skeletons. Many people thought that there were more animals in the sea than on land for a long time because there were more fossils from sea creatures than land creatures. That isn’t true though, they actually had a balance of creatures but fossils formed more often from water creatures
The author and his colleagues specifically chose to focus on 375 million year old rocks in their search for fossils because this was the time frame that provided fish that would be useful to study from. The 385 million year old rocks provided fish that look too similar to the ones we have now and the 365 million year old rocks have fossils that don’t resemble fish. The 375 million year old rocks, however, provide fossils that show the transition between fish and land living animals.
Fossils Tell of Long Ago uses accessible language and illustrations to aid all students in vocabulary and new concept growth. Explicit instructions, reading the book allowed to the class, and allowing conversation among individual students as they work through learning new words will aid ELL students in expanding their word knowledge. Furthermore, having ELL students translate new word to into their native language will help them activate their previous knowledge. Encouraging all students to be actively engage in learning words will ensure that ELL students and all students will gain knowledge and make connections to new words.
The environment in the ancient sea, which contained crustaceans, molluscs, and echinoderms, helped the hypothesis that 112 million years ago the area was covered in shallow lagoons. Numerous Cretaceous dinosaur tracks have been found near Glen Rose, Texas. This is where horseshoe crabs were found in Paluxy River.
The skeletal characteristics of these hominines suggest that their mode of locomotion was likely a cross between occasional bipedalism and obligate bipedalism. From the reading we have learned that obligate bipedalism is bipedal locomotion that is practiced all of the time while occasional bipedalism is bipedalism that is practiced on occasion. The ratio of arm length to leg length (longer arms) suggests that they did spend time climbing trees, however the cranial and post cranial traits of these fossils suggest that they spent much of their time on the ground and likely ambulating bipedally combined with a variation of upright walking and knuckle walking. This is evidenced by two factors: the fact the foramen magnum of the skull is centrally located, and the ratio of arm to leg length. In creatures with bipedal ambulation, the foramen magnum is located in the center of the base of the skull to keep the head aligned over the center of gravity of the creature. If the fossils were walking primarily with their knuckles, the
This case study, written in 2009 is not the only case where a major data breach has occurred within organizations. In the late 2011 Sony’s PlayStation Network (PSN) was breached impacting up to 77 million user’s accounts including data on names, address and possibly credit card details. In late 2013 Target had a cyber-attack that compromised a large quantity of its data and had 110 million accounts compromised. Finally in September 2014 Apple had their iCloud server breached by hacking that compromised all the users of the online server. These occurrences still have some unanswered questions and several experts have yet to decipher the actual reason as to why the security breach occurred.
The author and his colleagues chose to focus on 375 million year old rocks in their search for fossils because amphibians that look dissimilar to fish were discovered in 365 million year old rocks, while fish without amphibian characteristics were discovered in 385 million year old rocks. Thus, it is possible that the evolutionary intermediary, or the “missing link” between fish and amphibians, would be discovered in 375 million year old rocks, between the two time periods. The rocks examined were sedimentary in composition, as the gradual and relatively gentle formation of sedimentary rock under conditions of mild pressure and low heat are conducive to the fossilization of animal remains. Sedimentary rock is also often formed in rivers and seas, where animals are likely to live. This site provides a resource that describes means by which fossils are formed and how the fossil record may be interpreted, and shows some examples of fossils demonstrating evolution through geological periods: http://www.fossilmuseum.net/fossilrecord.htm. In 2004, Shubin and his colleagues were looking for fossils on Ellesmere Island, in northern Canada. This location was chosen because of its lack of human development, as well as of obstructing natural formations and life forms such as trees, which
For my second activity, I attended a meeting of Fossil Free SFSU. This organization is fighting to completely divest San Francisco State University from any connections with the fossil fuel industry. Meaning, this organization is campaigning for SFSU to eliminate all stocks, funds, bonds, etc.- anything associated to fossil fuels. I attended the meeting at a perfect time because it was sort of an introduction to what the organization is about and what they have planned for the future. It began with a quick introduction of everybody, and then we quickly went to business. We discussed and brainstormed what is needed to become a successful campaign team. I really
Carrying the dog represents the relationship the speaker had with his ex-girlfriend before they separated. When the speaker awkwardly steps onto the scale with the dog and “subtracts [his] weight” (Collins 7), he is symbolically removing himself from the relationship and can now assess what remains. Just as it was easier to discover the dog’s weight after removing himself from their sum, he had not “figured out what [she] amounted to” (11) until after he had left. The last stanza indicates that with his new-found perspective, he begins to doubt the decision to leave. The symbolism of the the man awkwardly holding the dog allows the reader to easily conjure Collins’ mental state and transition from a general situation to one specific to Collins.
Although the Ediacaran period was well before the first appearance of dinosaurs it shows that there were fossils many years ago. When dinosaurs first appeared things had changed there was still shallow water which meant that bones could be fossilized.
Although early Earth was hostile, it provided a great environment for the production of organic molecules. Events such as lightning, volcanic eruptions, meteorites, radioactivity in the Earth’s crust, and the easy access of ultraviolet light, are thought to have provided the energy for these molecules to produce. Therefore, the conditions of early Earth were critical in the commencing of the first organic molecules.
These techniques led to the discovery of the boundary between the two eras. A single thin layer of clay found within predominantly limestone rocks established this. By comparing the marine life found in, above, and below the clay, the marine life, like the dinosaurs, had been terribly affected by the extinction event. The percentage of life in the upper layers was dramatically lower than that in the lower. This was far more compelling than what was suggested by dinosaur’s fossils.
Fox-Skelly, Jasmin. “Earth - Some Lifeforms May Have Been Alive since the Dinosaur Era.” BBC News, BBC, 3 June 2016, www.bbc.com/earth/story/20160602-some-lifeforms-may-have-been-alive-since-the-dinosaur-era.
: Fossils are the remains or traces of ancient organisms which have been preserved. For example, a fossil can exist as skeletal remains or even as a footprint. Such organisms are subjected to a slow rate of decaying since they have been rapidly buried under conditions that facilitate this. It is common for fossils to occur as hard-bodied organisms as these are more resistant to environmental influences. Fossils are usually found embedded in rock. The layers of rock are of different age and makeup. Hence fossils found in one layer would vary in characteristics from those found in another layer. They can be observed and analyzed through visual as well as radiometric means so that the age and morphology can be determined. These features indicate
Jurassic is a period of time with Dinosaurs, rodents and birds. There were also island seas consisting of sharks, sea monsters and blood-red planktons. The existing plants in that period were cycads, ferns and conifers. The Mesozoic era was about 245 million years ago to 65 years ago, so it almost lasted about 180 years in total. The Mesozoic era is divided into three periods of Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous. Mesozoic era means middle animals and it is the era, which the word’s fauna has changed from what is in the Paleozoic era and the most famous organisms of this era are dinosaurs. In the Mesozoic era, the extinction of more than 90 percent of species in the earth was observed and the reason behind it was mostly volcanic eruptions and climate changes. On the other hand, this era had massive changes that represented ecological niches and rise to new creatures such as rodent-size mammals and first dinosaurs. In Triassic, which was the first period of Mesozoic, the mammals and first dinosaurs existed. Later than that, the second period was Jurassic, which giant shaped dinosaurs and other kinds of dinosaurs were developed. Besides that the first flowering plants and primitive birds, with long teeth appeared in that era as well.
The human brain is one of the most amazing organs in a body and at the same time the most mysterious. It is the control center of the body and it’s important to understand the complexity of the human brain. Although your brain functions as a whole, it consists of three main parts, The Central Core, the Limbic System, and the Cerebral Cortex. Then those parts break into even smaller parts. The brain is just like the computer, it depends on certain parts to work correctly and get every day jobs and even more complex jobs done.