Founder's Hall

The Parthenon, built around 490 BCE, was one of the most explicit structures created in the Classical Era. Made from marble, it measures roughly 228 feet long and 100 feet wide, huge in comparison to the Pantheon which is located in Rome. The Parthenon was constructed and dedicated to the goddess Athena, while the Pantheon

Ancient Greek architecture dates from around 800 BCE when the site of Delphi first obtained a religious significance. The architecture of Ancient Greece has influenced the architecture of the past two millennia most significantly that of Ancient Rome (Hemingway, 2003). Greek architecture influenced Roman architecture in extensive ways, giving that the Romans adopted and incorporated many Greek methods and elements into their own practice. Although the Romans were inspired by the Greek there are still many differences in their architecture most noticeably through materiality. Although the Greeks constructed many types of buildings the most recognisable “Greek” structure is the temple. (Becker, 2015) As stated by Coleen Hemingway in an article for the Metropolitan Museum of Art “ the Greek temple best exemplifies the aims and methods of Greek Architecture”. Whilst exploring such architecture it is necessary to examine the mentality, religious beliefs and driving forces of each civilization. According to Stierlin “Unlike the Greek temple, essentially a structure for the play of light and shade, with little interior space accommodating a small sanctuary, Roman builders typically used arches, vaults, matching domes

During the rule of Pericles, the rebuilding of the Parthenon took place. Along with Ictinus, Callicrates and Phidias are credited in the designing of the Parthenon. The Parthenon was completed in 432 BCE. It took fifteen years of construction. The Parthenon was built not only to give thanks to Athena, but was also a sign of power. Ictinus and Callicrates wanted the structure to represent the Doric order. They wanted everything to be proportioned and to look as perfect as possible so they used the golden section; also called the golden rectangle or golden spiral. The golden section is from the golden ratio of 1.618. It can be used to

The Parthenon was an amazing and expensive achievement of ancient Greece. Although it is mostly in ruins today, there is enough knowledge about its construction to allow others to recreate the structure. The Parthenon is often constructed not only to honor the ancient Greeks, but also to honor the culture and place where it is recreated. Although the Parthenon’s influence is tremendous throughout the western world, it is generally only faithfully represented in part- the nearest representations found during my research include the Walhalla and the Nashville Parthenon. This paper focuses mostly on the original building’s history and its influence on American architecture, with a short discussion on a site in Germany. Research was conducted through the use of our course’s textbook, our consortium library, and educational websites. After my research was concluded, I became particularly fascinated with the golden ratio, which is debated to have been used during the construction of the Parthenon. I would like to research this in future work.

The Athenian Greeks at the height of their power built a temple called the Parthenon which was a monument to their core values of perfectionism, humanism, and rationalism. It is important to understand that the human eye has imperfections which deceive the mind, so one can understand the unique steps that were taken to achieve the illusion of perfection to the human eye. The Greeks loved perfection, and as seen in the Parthenon, the Greek architects purposely made the Parthenon imperfect to account for the imperfections in the human eye. This was done so that when one views the Parthenon with the naked eye, it appears to be perfectly symmetrical, straight, and proportional. The entire Parthenon does not have a single right angle. An example of the Greeks compensating for the imperfections of the human eye is seen in the base of the Parthenon, which from a picture or in real life looks perfectly straight, but in reality it is actually curved slightly upward. It is curved because the Greeks knew that if you have a perfectly flat base for a building, it appears curved to the human eye. To account for that, the Greeks made it so that the base was already curved. The Greeks also curved the columns of the Parthenon inward, because if the columns were straight, it would appear to be curving outward. Again, the Greeks knew about how the human eye deceives the mind, and decided that they must trick the eye to please the mind. This was all done because the Greeks strived for

In terms of the monuments themselves, the Parthenon and the Lincoln had many similarities and many differences. For instance, both of the monuments were designed in the Greek temple style. They both hold Doric columns-the Parthenon had 86, while the Lincoln Memorial had 36 columns. Although there are many more columns in the Parthenon, the Lincoln Memorial has much larger columns. Doric columns came from the Doric order, a style of architecture that contains columns, a beam or

The Parthenon is created as an optical illusion. It appears to consist of straight lines but in fact, almost every surface is built to lean and curved from its columns to its foundations. It gives a unique insight into the best that ancient Greek sculptors could produce at the best period of Greek art. The Parthenon is a Doric peripteral temple; it consists of a rectangular floor plan with a series of low steps, and a colonnade of Doric columns. The three main types of columns used in Greek temples and other public buildings are Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian. Many of the sculpture

Both the Greeks and the Romans made a number of contributions to western culture in the field of architecture, many of which can still be seen to this very day. Architecture played a pivotal role in both the religion and daily life of ancient Greek society. The Greeks produced some of the world’s most enduring architectural monuments, many of which are still standing today. These include the Parthenon, the Temple of Zeus, and the Temple of Poseidon. Perhaps one of the largest contributions of the ancient Greeks to western civilization in regards to architecture was their development of the three fundamental architectural systems of design, the Doric, Iconic, and Corinthian orders. The following excerpt from an article

in architecture of the times. Several elements of the Parthenon follow nature-based models. The rectangular shape of The Parthenon was derived from the Golden Ratio of 5:8, which can be seen in some flowers and nautilus seashells. The drums of The Parthenon?s columns also have natural characteristics. Their diameter is similar to the height of man. Plato?s view of compensation making The Parthenon ?less real? can be contradicted with the nature based models that were used to construct it.

The columns, which are the strongest support system of the structure, are enormous. T Nashville Parthenon has a total of 58 exterior columns–8 at each façade, 15 on each side, and 6 on both front and back porches. The order they take is neat and near perfect; they are all evenly spaced. The six porch columns are parallel to the façade columns, as are both of the lengthwise sides to each other. Known as an entasis, the columns become slimmer as they go upward. This is done so that the naked eye does not see a “slouch”, but a more pleasing, straightening effect to the visual aspect of the Parthenon. Up close, one can see the flutes of the columns, which are ellipse-shaped. If you look down the length of the structure, everything appears to be extremely calculated and flawless. It is very directional and almost like a “light at the end of the

The Parthenon at the Acropolis in Athens, Greece, built between 447 BCE and 432 BCE to honor the Greek goddess Athena. The Parthenon located in the acropolis is located on the top of a big hill. This could be a tactic to protect the structure from invaders, however, this is also symbolic of wanting to be closer to the gods, in this case closer to Athena. This great architectural piece made of huge slabs of marble creates a sense of grandness only the gods deserved. The architect included relief sculpture of larger than

A dwelling maintains the characteristics of homeyness when it is characterized as a place that is comfortable, welcoming, accommodating, or even warm. A homey environment is not uniform or consistent. Its interiors may consist of varying warm colors; some parts may even have exposed brick or stone. Mnemonic objects such as photos or mementos from past trips attach fond memories to the home. A home is also diminutive. Its proportions are easily managed by its occupants.

The Parthenon is a Doric temple built on the Acropolis in 447-432 BC. (The Parthenon) It was made entirely of marble moved almost ten miles from Mount Pantelakos. Moving that much marble was expensive. In total, the Parthenon cost the Athenians four hundred and sixty-nine silver talents. That is equal to about 43,382.5 pounds of gold. The Parthenon was built to protect the Athena Parthenos, a nearly forty-foot-tall statue of Athena made of gold and ivory. With eight columns on the front and twenty-three columns on two levels inside, the Parthenon also served as a testimony to the Athenians’ wealth and knowledge of art and design (Ancient Greece – Art and Architecture, Sculpture, Pottery and Greek Temples).

The Corinthian order columns are the most extravagant type of column. It was the last column to be developed by the ancient Greeks. The Greeks did not really use this type of column to its full potential, but the ancient Romans did (“Ancient Greece” 3). Some examples of monuments or building that used the Corinthian order consisted of the temple of Zeus at Athens. It was probably the most notable of the Corinthian temples (“Ancient Greece” 3).

The temple of Hera at Olympia, built about 600 BCE, had wooden columns that were gradually replaced by stone ones, probably as votive gifts. The variety of column and capital shapes illustrates the evolution of the Doric order. The earliest columns had a heavy, bulging profile, and their capitals were broad and low. During the archaic period, limestone became the standard building material for foundations, steps, walls, columns, and Doric entablature. Building such as the famous Temple of Aphaia on Aegina illustrate the dramatic influence of the Doric order.