Four Basic Macromolecules

The most common macromolecules found in living organisms are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids. Briefly, the meaning of macromolecules is that they normally contain two or more molecules in them and their main functions are to store energy, information and much more. Most foods are known to be combinations of macromolecules. While some of these compounds can be detected by taste tests, many cannot. Scientists then use certain tests to determine the presence of macromolecules.

A macromolecule can be any of a general selection of molecules, such as: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and

Macromolecules come in the forms of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. These 4 types of macromolecules are in everything we eat like grains, protein, fruits and vegetables, and dairy. During the week of September 12 through September 18 I used the Super Tracker app to record my daily calorie intake. The program recorded every single food and liquid item I ate and created a graph to show how much of each food group I ate in a day. Sometimes I had more dairy than vegetables, sometimes I had more fruits than grains. Every day was different. I sometimes went over the daily limit of saturated fat or sugars. Sometimes I went under the suggested amount that I should have in a day. By recording and understanding which macromolecules I consumed in a day, I could understand how my body is functioning after certain types of macromolecules went into my system. I could also see what kinds of foods I should be eating more or less of to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

While doing this exercise I realized that I know the basics about food such as how carbohydrates, fats proteins are necessary and how they affect the body but I never knew what the macromolecules did in depth. I also learned what the macromolecules did in depth. I additionally learned that they are called macromolecules and that macromolecules are sizably voluminous organic molecule composed of more minute organic molecules composed of 95 percent carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen used to fortify our bodies .the other 5 percent gives the macromolecule unique qualities.

Enantiomers are two same chemical moieties which have a different spatial arrangement. They are described as mirror images of each other, that is they are non-superimposable. They have similar physical properties but differs in some chemical properties. The two different arrangements are classifieds as L- and D-, depending upon the functional group of reference.

The macronutrients (excluding fiber and water) provide structural material (amino acids from which proteins are built, and lipids from which cell membranes and some signaling molecules are built) and energy. Some of the structural material can be used to generate

Out of the four classes of macromolecule I chose carbohydrates, due to my unhealthy obsession with eating them. Carbohydrates, or carbs, are a source of dietary energy for plants and animals. It is made of one or more monosaccharides, which are the smallest sugar molecules (Simon, E.J. (2017). Biology: The Core (2nd Edition). Retrieved from https://etext.pearson.com). There are two monosaccharides that are common, which are glucose and fructose. Both happen to be types of sugar that the body can consume. If they were to combine, glucose and fructose would make sucrose and become a disaccharide, which is two sugars joined by dehydration.

Saturated fatty acids are found in animal fat. We obtain these acids from meats, such as bacon and sausage. The American Heart Association suggests that we limit the amount of saturated fat that we eat to less than 7 percent of our total calorie intake every day as it is a major contributor to heart attacks and strokes. The production of acetate (building blocks of fat) in the body is increased due to the consumption of these saturated fatty acids. As a result, the body increases its production of cholesterol which means that the fat clumps together and forms deposits throughout the system, getting lodged in blood cells and organs. This leads to a number of health risks including cardiovascular disease, an array of cancers (mainly breast and

There are different kinds of fats, these include; trans-fats, saturated fats, and unsaturated fats. Unsaturated fats are considered the “good” fats while saturated fats are worse for your health. Trans-fats are industrially created by putting hydrogen into vegetable oil, which makes them unnatural and bad for your health as well. Below are molecular structures

Three of the four main classes of macromolecules, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, were identified in five unknown substances. Then, using the results from the tests, noting which unknowns contained which macromolecules in which amounts, the results were cross referenced with the nutritional labels of various foods. Using the process of elimination and deduction, the unknown substances were matched to a specific food item.

Hundreds of scientific studies have now proven different fats affect the body in different ways. For healthy living, we must not eschew all fats.

The term "macromolecules" can be used differently to describe different types of large molecules. For example, in biology it refers to the four main biological macromolecules present in our bodies; they are carbohydrates ,such as sugars, lipids, such as fats, proteins, and nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA. While in chemistry, the term refers to the result of combining any two or more molecules covalent bonds or intermolecular

There are four types of biomolecules, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Carbohydrates are large chains of sugar found in food and living tissues. This includes sugars, starch, and cellulose. They have the same ratio of hydrogen and oxygen that water has, 2:1. They are broken down to release energy in the animal body. Lipids are any organic compounds that are fatty acids and don’t dissolve in water but do in organic solvents. Fatty acids can be found in natural oils, waxes, and steroids. Proteins are macromolecules that do everything in the cell. They are tools and machines that make things happen. Nucleic acids are long strands of nucleotides, and function primarily in storage and transmission of genetic information. There are two types of nucleic acids, DNA and RNA. DNA is the genetic material of all cellular organisms, and RNA sends out messages from the information that is held in the DNA.

A cell is a dynamic and complex structure surrounded by a very thin membrane known as a plasma membrane or a cytoplasmic membrane. This membrane acts as a barrier between the inside of the cell and the outside, which results in different chemical environments on either side. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules, so it can regulate substances coming in and out of the cell. These membranes have played a crucial role in the evolution of prokaryotes to multicellular eukaryotes. (Figure 1) In prokaryotes, there is only one type of membrane i.e. plasma membrane but in eukaryotes, they have intracellular membranes compartmentalizing its contents into chambers called organelles. These organelles have their own specific functions; they interact with each other and the membrane to work as a unit.

Most organic compounds in living organisms are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids they are called macromolecules. Each of these macromolecules is made of smaller subunits. These subunits are linked by dehydration synthesis. Dehydration synthesis is an energy requiring process in which a molecule of water is removing and the two subunits are boded