Four-Stroke Engine

In 2002 a joint project between International Navistar and the Ford Motor Company was born. “The goal of this project was to create an engine that was fuel efficient, emission compliant and would be able to outperform all of the competition” (Banks Power). With over 2 million ford super duty’s equipped with the 7.3l Powerstroke engine on the road, the new engine would have big shoes to fill. The engine that was to replace the outdated, underpowered and overall inadequate 7.3l Powerstroke was the International Navistar 6.0l turbo diesel.

Imagine how life would be if our society did not have cars. Today, our society is dependent on cars for our daily routines. From transporting our food, clothes, and technology to just going to the store across the street, cars are a very important part of our society. In the 19th century, only the wealthy and upper middle class had access to automobiles, and they only used cars for fancy transportation and to show off their money. This was due to the extreme prices of cars in the 19th century. With these high prices not many people could afford them, especially not the working class. Henry Ford revolutionized the automotive industry in the

The invention of the internal combustion engine sprouted from the work of several engineers and inventors across Europe and into America. First, in 1859, Jean-Joseph Etienne Lenoir developed the first practical internal combustion engine which after many modifications and changes, led to the modern engine that plays a crucial role in today’s society. Prior to Lenoir, external combustion engines such as the steam engine and early hydrogen engine

The continuing rotation of the crankshaft drives the piston back up, ready for the next cycle. The piston moves in a reciprocating motion, which is converted into circular motion of the crankshaft, which ultimately propels the car. Gas engines usually have about the same about of horsepower as they do torque. The diesel engine usually has twice as much torque as it does horsepower, thus it is the better hill climber and load carrier.

The power system consists of a four-stroke engine, a carburettor to transform incoming fuel into steam, a obstruct to control the air-fuel ratio, transmission, and drum brakes. A cylindrical piston, made of aluminium alloy as most people

III. Tie to the Introduction: From the origin of the car till the design and mechanics.

Many of my earliest memories revolve around cars. As a child I can remember wandering around classic car shows, riding around up north in my family’s old work truck, and sitting in the back seat on countless road trips watching the miles of unknown road stretch to the horizon. Every time I place my hands on a steering wheel, even today, I still rekindle a fascination with anything that has four wheels and an engine. This interest encompasses everything from the mechanics of an internal combustion engine to the rich history of the American automobile. For this reason, I was euphoric when my family purchased a 1957 Chevy. Since this new hobby was introduced into my life, I have spent many long nights in the garage working to bring the car back to its original glory. In the past few years, working on this car has enriched my life in countless ways.

Most everybody loves trains, but as early as five years old I was personally fascinated by these locomotives, specifically steam engines. From the billowing smokestack and steam whistle, to the open body wheels and pistons, nothing had left such an imprint on me. There were so many moving parts working together, and the way they all work in tandem seamlessly just stoked my curiosity. Ever since then, I have had a passion for these metal beasts and wanted to work with them as a career. Although I still love trains, my curiosity in machinery has expanded to include a whole host of

It is believed that the first attempt to actually make steam use practical occurred in 1543 upon a naval ship.  Blasco de Garay, a Spanish naval officer, attempted to move the paddle wheels of the ship with what could possibly be considered a steam engine.  This account however is not well credited because nothing is really known about the make-up of the so called steam engine except that it contained a "vessel of boiling water."

The disadvantage of two-stroke engines is their dependency on a blower to force air into the chamber and their inefficiency. A four-stroke engine does not have an expansion stroke every 360 degrees but it is more efficient because it has more time to completely burn the fuel injected into the cylinder.

These types of engines can be found not only in cars and trucks, but in boats, lawn mowers and generators to name a few.

The idea using the power of steam to our advantage goes back nearly twenty-one centuries. A learned writer in ancient Alexandria, named Hero, wrote a manuscript describing various devices and ideas of the time. Although it is not proven that Hero was the inventor of any of these devices, he is given credit for the earliest mention of steam power. Hero describes a method to open the doors of a temple with the action of a fire on the alter at the front of the temple. A series of pipes runs between the alter and the temple doors. The force of the steam created by the fire on the alter is strong enough to open the temple doors. The essential principle that Hero used was to change heat energy into mechanical energy or work. Supposedly, Hero continued his work and ended up creating what is often called the "First Steam Engine." Hero's engine is featured on below on the right. The cauldron or bowl like portion AB holds water. There is a steam tight cover place over top of the cauldron. Two pipes extend from the lid and suspend a globe directly above the cauldron. The water is heated, causing steam to be created and forced through the pipes. The globe then fills with steam. Pipes K and H are located on opposite sides of the globe and allow the steam to escape when the pressure becomes uneven. The escaping steam then causes the globe to spin on its axis.

Since the development of the steam engine people had been interested in creating self-powered vehicles, this manifested during the industrial revolution as the train. However, as time went on people became interested in creating a vehicle that wasn’t confined to tracks. The earliest attempts were moderately successful but served little practical purpose. Automobiles first began to truly spread with the invention of the electric motor which created cheaper, more powerful, and safer automobiles. Still the automobile still had numerous problems and were mainly in the hands of the rich. It was the development of the internal combustion engine and the assembly line that was truly able to create a practical vehicle that could be used by all and

In 1861 a German engineer named Nikolaus August Otto built his first gasoline-powered engine. Three years later he would team up with Eugen Langen to form the Deutz Gas Engine Factory. Otto’s engine was based on the same principles of Lenoir’s. It was also a two-stroke engine with one cylinder but it used the different type of fuel, gasoline rather than coal gas. Otto and Langen learned of a way to gain more efficiency by compressing the gas before combustion in 1867. This led them to production of the first four-stroke

That covers the basic function of an engine fron intake to exhaust. Next we will explore the relationship of Horsepower vs Torque.