robustness to any kind of distortion, since both image areas are distorted in a similar way, which means that the watermark recovery by autocorrelation still works [23]. B. Transform domain Transform domain method takes advantage of properties of alternate domains by modifying transform coefficients to support additional features. Transform domain method is divided into frequency domain and wavelet domain. 1) Frequency domain In frequency domain, we insert watermark into the coefficients of a transformed
of encoded medicinal volume information recovery in light of DWT (Discrete Wavelet Transform) and DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform). Since DWT can't avoid
University of Texas at San Antonio Digital Signal Processing Project-2 Title: Sampling and Quantization of Audio signals. By: Bindhu Reddy Gurram Sai Madhuri Malladi Fall 2014 Content: Abstract................................................................................................................................2 Introduction.........................................................................................................................3 Basics of this project.....
its Fourier transform is called short-time Fourier transform (Satish 1998). The principle of STFT is to divide the initial waveform signal into small segments with short-time window, apply Fourier transform to each segment. However, due to the signal segmentation, this method has limitation in time–frequency resolution. It can only be applied to analyze the segmented stationary signal or the approximate stationary signal, but for the non-stationary signal, when
a detailed survey of all watermarking techniques on image watermarking types in today’s world. Index Terms – Digital watermarking, spatial domain, Least Significant Bit (LSB), Frequency domain, Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), and Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). INTRODUCTION The term digital watermarking was first emerged in 1993, Tirkel introduce two watermarking techniques to hide the watermark data in the images [1].In recent years digital media are gaining
4.2 DISCRETE COSINE TRANSFORM DCT expresses a finite sequence of data points in terms of the sum of a cosine function oscillating at different frequencies. DCT is Fourier-related Transform similar to DFT, but using only real numbers. It is used for image comparison in frequency domain. DCT is more robust to various image processing technique like filtering
Abstract Image enhancement is to process an image, in order to make the result more suitable than original image for specific application. i.e. the image is enhanced.For that many image enhancement techniques are used. Appropriate choice of such techniques is very important.Image Enhancement is simple and it’s the area based on digital image processing techniques. It improves the quality of the images by working with the existing data. Keywords: Image processing, Image enhancement 1. Introduction
Large power modern transformers are vital components and very expensive in electric power systems. Forthwith, it is very important to reduce the duration and frequency of unwanted outages that results in a high demand imposed on power transformer protection relays, this includes the requirements of dependability related with no mal-operations, operating speed related with short fault clearing time to avoid extensive damage or to preserve power quality and power system stability and security related
create a normalized image [2, 38, 63]. Essentially, it uses a band-pass filtering to the inputted image and after that creates a normalized version. It should be noted that prior to utilizing the filter, one has use the gamma correction or the log transformation on the image; otherwise the outcome will not be as antici-pated [64]. The model of illumination-reflectance can be utilized to design a frequency-domain method in enhancing the image’s appearance using the gray-level ranged compression and simultaneously
The rapid invention going in internet usage has resulted in the media ownership and attention towards intellectual property rights among internet users. In this paper, a Multiwavelet Transform (MWT) based video encoding is proposed. Video watermarking is the practice of inserting an encode information known as the watermark, into an original video in an imperceptible approach. The watermark converts or represents information that can protect the watermarked video, typically identifying the source