Fourth To Sixth Crusade Summary

The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II in response to a call for aid by the Byzantines. The resulting army swept through Asia Minor and into the Near East conquering several cities along the way. Upon the successful conquering of the region, the crusaders divide the land among themselves forming four crusader states: County of Edessa, Principality of Antioch, County of Tripoli, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. This takeover and dividing of territory is incredibly similar to what occurs in the fourth crusade. Upon conquering Constantinople in April of 1204, the crusaders proceed to divide the land among themselves much like they did earlier. They divided the land

The fourth Crusade was one of the most astonishing turn of events during the Middle Ages. Each Crusade was called for one purpose, to reconquer the Holy Land from the Muslims. With that in mind, the fourth Crusade was disaster, not only failing to get anywhere near Jerusalem but then to attack and conquer two Christian cities, which had been unprecedented to this time. When discussing these points in history, it is important to discuss how such events came to be, and whilst the sacking of Zara and Constantinople are not in question, what is in question is how much of a role did Pope Innocent III did play in the 4th Crusade? Was he the mastermind, or was control of the 4th Crusade taken from him? This

There were both positive and negative effects of The Crusades, although the positives did outweigh the negatives. The two major negative effects were anti-Semitism and the orchestrated attacks by Venice. Many Crusaders in Europe were so religiously fuming, that they turned their anger towards the Jews. They would at times massacre a whole community as a result of their religious rage. During the fourth crusade, crusaders began fighting Christians instead of Muslims. After helping Venetian merchants defeat their Byzantine trade rivals in 1204, the crusaders captured and looted Constantinople. They actually ransacked the capital of the Byzantine Empire, the empire in which they began to fight for, not against. There also were many positive effects of The Crusades, one being the increase of trade. Even before the Crusades, merchants began to enjoy some of the luxury goods that were brought from the Byzantine Empire. The crusaders that

The Crusades, a series of wars, are an extremely important part of history in the 12th century, occurring during the Middle Ages. The Middle East or the Holy Land was always a place that Christians traveled to to make pilgrimages. The Seljuk Turks eventually took control of Jerusalem and all Christians were not allowed in the Holy City. As the Turks power grew, they threatened to take over the Byzantine Empire and Constantinople. The Byzantine Emperor, Alexius I, asked Pope Urban II for help and Pope agreed, hoping to strengthen his own power. He He united the Christians in Europe and In 1095, Pope Urban II waged waged war against muslims in order to “reclaim the holy land.”

The Crusades were a series of holy wars that began in 1095 CE. These wars were fought between Christians and Muslims to gain control over the sacred land. The Turks moved into the middle east during the early part of the 11th century CE. Most of the Turks served the Islamic armies and would invade land rapidly using combat forces. This alarmed the Greek emperor and caused him to seek out Pope Urban II and ask for mercenary troops to confront the Turks. The Pope called a council and had 300 attendees to show up. During this council, the Pope made a plea to free the Holy Land, which received an enthusiastic response. After this, Pope Urban II promptly waged war against the Muslims and took armies of Christians to Jerusalem to try and

For example, Document 4 states, “Moreover, the assault of one Christian people on another… made the split between the Greek and Latin churches permanent.” The assault the crusaders carried out against the Greek Church, also called the East Orthodox Church, furthermore divided the Catholic and East Christian churches, thus causing a permanent split between the two. By permanently isolating themselves from the East Orthodox Church, the Roman Catholics lost one of their greatest allies in the Holy War which made their attempts to overthrow the Muslims in Jerusalem significantly weaker. Also, according to Document 6, the attack on the East Orthodox Church made crusading less appealing to the Europeans. Since fewer Europeans wanted to join the Crusader’s armies, the amount of available Crusaders dropped, and this caused the Catholic forces to be less prepared for the following five Crusades. In conclusion, the 4th crusade negatively affected the West by creating a forever lasting split between the East Christian and the Catholic along by making crusading less appealing the European

L. The main reason the crusades started was to take Jerusalem from the Turks. Before 1087, Christian pilgrims frequently traveled to Jerusalem, “the holy land”. However, according to document 6, “from 1087 onwards, turks stopped christian pilgrims from entering Jerusalem.” Basically, the Turks claimed Jerusalem as their own, and prevented any pilgrimages. Pope Urban II was not happy about this. He called European Christians to war in 1095 to recapture Jerusalem. According to Document 1, he says, “I, or rather, the Lord, beseech you as christ's heralds to publish this everywhere and persuade all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich….to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends.” Basically, Pope Urban II is urging the people to fight the Turks, and win back Jerusalem.

These reasons resulted in what became a prosperous first crusade led by the Pope himself. The political reasons ranged from a desire for adventure to the land of Jerusalem, wanting to gain more power, and other economic rationales. By the end of the first crusade, the Crusaders were victorious in stripping “more than forty silver candelabra and more than twenty gold ones” in the Dome of the Rock. The economic reasons included gaining more wealth, land, riches and multiple goods. The Pope claims that the Crusaders must “...rush quickly as [they] can to the defence of the Eastern Church” and that it’s “...a beautiful thing to die for Christ…”. The religious reasons the Crusaders thought to be true was that the crusade was God’s call for the Christian brothers to accomplish their attack on the Muslims. The Muslims were filled with grief as the Arab Historian, Ibn al-Athir, recalls that “...the Franks slaughtered more than 70,000 people…women and children taken prisoner, the homes pillaged…”. Unlike the rejoice in the documents and articles from the Crusaders’ perspectives, the Muslim perspective felt sorrow for those who died innocently. The Crusaders destroyed an extensive portion the Jerusalem land and population, taking away valuable riches and treasures from the Holy Land. While later crusades failed to accomplish that of the crusade led by Pope Urban III, I greatly believe that the first crusade was a great

The Muslim ruler at that time Zangi had attacked and was capture on Christmas Eve 1144.We see that this second crusade was led by European king against Islam. Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany went across Europe separately and were defeated by the Seljuq Turks. What was left of the two armies marched on to Jerusalem and joined the attacked on Damascus. The Europeans crusade was unsuccessful, but a great victory for the Muslims. The Muslims continued to attack and capture land. However like the first Crusade the second crusade left a bloody

In 1187, Saladin began a huge campaign against the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem. his troops basically destroyed the Christian army at the battle of Hattin, taking the city along with a large amount of territory. Outrage over these defeats fired up the Third Crusade, led by the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, King Philip II of France and King Richard I of England. In September 1191, Richard’s forces defeated those of Saladin in the battle of Arsuf; it was the only true battle of the Third Crusade. From the city of Jaffa, Richard reestablished control over some of the region and approached Jerusalem, though he refused to lay siege to the city. In September 1192, Richard and Saladin signed a peace treaty that established the Kingdom of Jerusalem and ended the Third

Their other objectives were also “to secure the pilgrim pass, recover the County of Edessa and provide reinforcements to Jerusalem which was in great danger as most knights had perished since the First Crusade” (Second). The goal of the Second Crusade was not to retake Jerusalem but to provide support to the Christian knights who were still in the city, and to take back lands that were lost to the Saracens. The Second Crusade did not end as expected, control of the city of Jerusalem was lost to the Saracens. The Saracens held control of Jerusalem for 40 years until the kings of England, France, Germany, Italy and Burgundy led the charge of the Third Crusade.

The 3rd Crusade, also known as the King’s Crusade, began in the year of 1189 and ended in 1192. This crusade is considered as one of the most successful crusades. The aim of the 3rd Crusade was to recapture Jerusalem, commonly regarded as the Holy Land, from the Muslims. Saladin, the ruler of the Muslims, was the sole enemy in this military campaign.

The Third Crusade took place from 1189-1192. The First Crusade was the Byzantines effort to re-establish the territory they lost to the Seljuk Turks. After three years of fighting, the Christians defeated the enemy. Then, in the year 1147 the Second Crusade began when Muslim forces began attacking the Christians. The Christians were defeated, leading to the Third Crusade. The Third Crusade was King Richard’s attempt to recover the Holy Land from the great Muslim leader Saladin. Saladin was a ruthless military leader, but was seen as generous and humane by his followers. He was very powerful, and had made many significant accomplishments for his military. In 1187, Saladin prepared to ambush the city of Jerusalem and seize it from the

The Fourth Crusade by Donald Queller and Thomas Madden sheds light on the last great crusade and the on goings within the event. The authors capture a glimpse into the world of the middle ages, and provides insight into the relationships within the crusades. Soon after his promotion to papacy in 1198 Innocent III announced his goal for possession of the holy lands. He announced a crusade and put forth a call for crusaders to all towns including barons while excluding kings. Innocent III intended for the crusade to be wholly under the control of the papacy. Unfortunately, politically circumstances in Latin Europe was not ideal for a crusade. While Innocent III attempted to settle political matters within the secular power, he was

The Third Crusade was the journey of three European leaders into battle with Saladin, the Muslim Sultan of Egypt. In 1187, Saladin gained control of Jerusalem, sparking conversations between Christians all around Europe that the idea of Muslims parading around the Holy Land was horrible and they had to do something. Of course the leaders of many nations heard of this, most notably Richard I, King Philip II of France and the Emperor of Germany, Frederick Barbarossa, who decided to crusade into the Middle East and get Jerusalem back. On the way there, many things happened, probably most importantly that when the German Emperor drowned, at the age of 70, the whole German army decided to go back home. Richard and Philip continued with their armies.