Essay on Foxwoods (gambling)

Casinos have made billions of dollars for tribes, essentially putting Indian and casinos hand in hand in many minds. Having casinos makes the reservation more close to being a state due to federal laws and regulations that they are required to follow. I am dumbfounded about how much money casinos have made tribes. I never realized how important that finding is for tribes until reading On The

American Indian culture included gambling for many centuries. More than 100 tribes were known to play different versions of dice games before the Europeans settled in the United States. In the United States, gambling on Indian reservations has become quite common. There are 225 tribes in 28 states who operate some sort of gaming facility. Gambling on reservations was initially established to promote economic development in order to increase the standard of living. It was seen as a way to increase income on poverty-stricken reservations. (Momper 2010)

Towering Hundreds of feet in the air you might have noticed a casino near your town or city. These large complexes are basically a money making machine. Usually Owned by the Native American Culture. These are the main source of income on the reservation for these tribes (Native American Casinos). Although used by Native Tribes in America the First Casino originated in Italy in 1638. The Casinos are a place where many average Americans spin the wheel of luck trying to win a profit on their money. Now the chances of winning big vary as there are many different tiers of gambling. You can have very little money and play on the slots or you can be a high-roller and spend hundreds or thousands on games of black-jack or poker.

It wasn’t until 1969 when Nevada changed the laws and allowed publicly-traded corporations to own casinos. The state made a common sense compromise requiring that only major shareholders be licensed. The importance of that decision can’t be understated as it marked a new beginning for rooting out the corruption of organized crime from legalized gambling. That change allowed greater transparency which slowly collapsed the mafia’s control of Las Vegas. In 1971, Harrah’s became one of the first Nevada casinos to sell their shares publicly. William F. Harrah, along with his father, had first set up shop in Reno in 1937. Harrah originally opened a bingo hall, but he later expanded his business into a casino empire. By 1973 his company was the first casino stock sold on the New York Stock Exchange and in 2005 Harrah’s became the largest casino business in the

In a well-reasoned 26-page opinion by the Honorable Sherman J. Marshall, the Tribe’s motion was granted in its entirety. The Court held that Bettor Racing breached its contract for the management of the Tribe’s off-track betting operation at the Tribe’s Royal River Casino by retaining more revenue from the gaming operation than the contract allowed, and more than the maximum share permitted to a gaming manager under tribal

Gambling has been around for quite some time. Initially outlawed, it became legal in 1931 and it has been an interesting road from there. The ringing of slot machines, winning at bingo or poker has become an addiction of sorts, to people of different races and cultures. And Native Americans have not been left out either.

The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act was passed in 1988 by Ronald Regan (Davis 4.3.). This act was shaping for compromise between US federal government and Indian tribes. Also, Indian tribes hope to be able to protect their own sovereignty, and the US government was tended to regard gaming under their control. According to the “Casino Roots” by Jessica R. Cattelino mentioned, “it is a powerful image, yet one that renders gaming resources external to indigenous economic and political action. Similarly, studies of casinos "impact" on indigenous communities implicitly render gaming as a capitalist project that acts upon indigenous peoples (1).” The government passed this policy purposed to promote the development of tribal economies and avoid the

Along with the Supreme Court’s 1987 decision in California vs. Cabazon, the passing of the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act of 1988 has made gaming a significant part of tribal economic development. Gaming has brought about economic self-determination for Native Americans for the first time in over two hundred years (Neath, 1995). Over two hundred of the United States’ 544 federally recognized tribes have established gaming on tribal lands (Neath, 1995). However, along with the economic profits, Indian gaming has brought many Native Americans back to reservations after many years of living off-reservation.

When signing treaties with the U.S. Native Americans made sure their sovereign rights were retained. Due to the success of gaming operations tribes have had, they have had the chance to provide essential services themselves for their people instead of being dependent on the government. In turn this has frustrated many states as they feel it impacts their own sovereignty and they wish to imply heavier restrictions on gaming. States are unable to gain revenue from taxes of tribal gaming and yet the tribes are part of the state. Individual states feel they have a lack of control over Indian gaming. Most state officials do not believe that Indian gaming should be exempt from paying state taxes. States feel that if they have to deal with the negative aspects of gambling (drugs, addiction, reckless behavior, etc.) that exist that they deserve to get some of the revenue and have their opinions heard. Tribal rights must also be taken into consideration. Life for Native Americans has always been associated with poverty and limited means to make a living. Income from gaming is a way to better the life of the

Before diving into the core of the Indian gambling industry, " One question people always ask is: why do Indians get to have casinos and we don't" (221)? The events all lead back to when Helen Bryan, a Leech Lake Ojibwe, received a tax on her mobile home. Not able to pay the tax, she contacted legal services for help, making a point that her home was on Indian Land. She had filed a suit against the state and Itasca County pursuing relief and prevention of them taxing Indians on tribal lands. Judge Murphy declared that while they had once been a sovereign nation, they had since been citizens of Minnesota and therefore had the rights to be taxed.

Indian Reservation has been participative in gaming ever since time memorial. However, participating rate rose rapidly in 1980’s when a land mark legal case approved the natives to choose gaming as a source of economy, revenue and employment. It is these litigations that opened the avenues for the tribes to engage in gaming activities. It is often believed by the general majority that Indian reservations possess huge amount of money generally because of gaming. However, according to Miller J. (2012), he doesn’t agree with the general majority. Although he doesn’t dispute that Indian gaming is single largest source of annual revenues, Miller argues not all the reservations in Indian have gaming facilities. Most dominant facilities of gaming are casinos. Gaming is divided into three classes by Indian Gaming Regulatory Act that was passed in 1988. Class I gaming were social games or traditional games. Class II games were bingo and card games and class III games were all form of games that are not class I and II.

Proposition 5 provides the terms of a tribal gaming compact and requires the Governor to permit any tribe to enter into the compact upon request. In general terms, Proposition 5's compact contains fewer restrictions upon tribal gaming than is provided for in the Wilson-Pala Compact and is more protective of Indian sovereignty. The differences relate to such diverse issues as the number of slot machines permitted, the type of games authorized, the degree of state involvement in regulating tribal gaming, employee rights, local community involvement, liability provisions, and the applicability of state health and safety requirements.

The development of tribal casinos or what is commonly referred to as organized gambling can be credited to Native American reservations. Gaming operations have brought phenomenal success to many native tribes in America, and there has been a new dimension to the existing debate regarding Native American sovereignty in organized gambling. There are over 310 casinos ran by about one-third the nations federally recognized tribes, and generate around $10 billion in revenue which is one-sixth of all revenue generated through legal gaming in the country (Evans, Topoleski, 2002). Many of the tribes are now able to provide for themselves essential services rather than wait for the government. However, most

Tribal government gaming has created almost 500,000 jobs nation wide. Indian gaming in 2003 created $15.9 billion in gross Tribal government revenues. Revenue from the Tribal gaming are being used to build schools, hospitals, police and fire stations, housing, roads, water, sewer and sanitation facilities. This revenue also provides essential services, provides child

In the early 1930s, gambling was legalized throughout the state of Nevada and casinos began to flourish (Dunstan, 1997). The economic growth in Nevada, especially the city of Las Vegas, has improved tremendously by the creation of casinos. Many people were employed since the operation of casinos requires a huge amount of labor, skill, and expertise. In addition, local retail sales also increased from casinos when gamblers visit the stores to spend their winnings on various items and products (Garrett, 2003). As a result, many state governments began to legalize casinos in order to boost their economies and increase employment. As of today, there are roughly 1500 casinos in the United States and they generate almost 65 billion dollars in revenue (“Facts on U.S Casinos” 2013). However, casinos use immoral methods to achieve this incredible feat of big profit with few government interventions. While the city of Las Vegas becomes more prosperous than before, many citizens lose their fortunes or even lives by the immoral business practices implemented by the casinos. Even though the