Fracking 's Youth And Considering Its Only Significant Sites

There were 111,500 jobs awarded to Coloradans between the years 2012-2013. As well, the industry supported 52% of the Colorado’s Weld’s County total property valuation. Based on this, property tax revenue increased to $110 per year. Twelve percent of North Dakota’s employment during 2012-2013 was devoted to the natural gas industry. As well, the industry supported $6.6 billion to the state’s economy. In Ohio, with more than 200,000 jobs for fracking, 4.7 percent went toward the total manufacturing GDP in 2012. Economical advances and increases in the job market due to fracking were also reported in states such as Pennsylvania, Ohio, Texas and other states as well. Overall, the industry has supported increase in revenues, employment rates and overall economic growth. Regina Hooper, President and CEO of America's Natural Gas Alliance puts it another way as she states, “"Capital investment as a result of shale gas production is expected to total nearly $1.9 trillion between 2010 and

Moretti states that the economic map follows the three America theory that divides the United States into three different classes. He uses this theory to explain why these disparities occur between regions and their divisional factors. On the one hand, high wages for a skilled and unskilled labor force, on other low levels and declining markets and between the two, undecided cities. In other words, innovative cities, traditional manufacturing regions and in between the towns that can go anyways. What we can observe is that places where highly specialized innovation is predominant, for example where the engineers and designers are, clusters generate for each job created an additional five jobs outside the high technology industry. We can attribute this reason to the dense cluster phenomenon which the multiplier effect of high-tech companies when they are located near each other. The result of creating additional local service jobs increase significantly because people with a high average of wages tend to spend part of their salary on wealthy service. Moretti refers this type of employment as the non-traded sector, to exemplify, it is jobs that only be performed by the local workforce. On the opposite direction, the manufacturing industry

Over the past decade oil and gas producers have increasingly used hydraulic fracturing also known as fracking to extract oil and gas from the earth. Most people believe fracking is a new process but it has been around for over 100 years. Modern day fracking began in the 1990’s when George P Mitchell created a new technique by combining fracking with horizontal drilling. Since then, U.S. oil and gas production has skyrocketed. But the “new” perception of fracking leads people to incorrectly believe that fracking is temporary and that it somehow harms the environment. The truth is fracking is a reasonable energy solution if oversight and safeguards are used. In the last ten years fracking has improved conditions in the U.S. in three

In recent years, the subject of hydraulic fracturing, better known as fracking has been a constant subject of interest in the news media. The pros and cons of fracking are passionately debated. However, the public should become educated on the subject of fracking prior to choosing a side of the argument. In the scholarly article, “Super Fracking,” published in 2014, by Donald L. Trucotte, Eldridge M. Moores, and John B. Rundle, a detailed description of fracking is provided, followed by their analysis of current issues surrounding the controversy. According to Trucotte, Moores, and Rundle, fracking saves the consumer money. The wellhead cost to produce natural gas in January of 2000 was two dollars and sixty cents per one thousand cubic feet. At an alarming rate, the cost at the wellhead to produce natural gas had risen to eight dollars per one thousand cubic feet by January of 2006. Comfortingly, the wellhead cost dropped to two dollars and eighty-nine cents by the end of 2012. Impressively, gas production increase and price decrease over the time period are a result of fracking. In their article, Trucotte, Moores, and Rundle describe in great detail that hydraulic fracturing, most commonly referred to as fracking is the process of drilling down into the earth to fracture the layers of rock so that a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the oil or natural gas inside. This method of fracking has been used commercially for the last fifty years.

“Fracking is the process of obtaining Natural Gas from below Earth’s surface by drilling 1000’s of feet into the earth before a high-pressure water mixture is directed at the rock to release the gas inside.” Water, sand and chemicals are injected into the rock at high pressure which allows the gas to flow out to the head of the well.” (Jackson). Hydraulic Fracturing got its name due to the fact of how the rock is fractured apart by the high pressure mixture of a number of chemicals, sand, and water. Drilling companies first began Fracking in the early 1940’s, and starting in the 1990’s companies began “safer drilling” due to the amount of concerns that had arisen because early drillers had to detonate small explosions that eventually ended up killing many people. Fracking has been used for nearly 60 years and the number of concerns about it are rising every day. Due to the new technological advancements in drilling Fracking has changed greatly over the years. Before, the drilling would go on for weeks on end in order to extract only a small amount of natural gas. Now, due to the invention of higher powered drills, the drills get double the amount then they used to be able to get in more then half the time. Over 95,000 square miles of shale deposits have been found around the Appalachian Basin but the only way to reach these deposits of shale is through fracking. “Fracking is a technique designed to recover gas and oil from shale rock by drilling

Fracking explained: opportunity or danger. YouTube. N.p., 3 Sept. 2013. Web. 13 Apr. 2016. .

if the coal mines start laying people off. When coal has a boom or bust, so does the communities as well (Roenker, 2002). This dependency on coal production has left many communities and parts of the region without a diverse economy, and the economy that is in these towns were depend on coal production and jobs. The more depend on coal a community, county, or region is, the more dependent on social services and government assistance (Roenker, 2002). One of the barriers in the region of Appalachia is the coal dependency. While it does bring great jobs and good economy, the busts are almost too hard for many in Appalachia to handle. Opening up to more job diversities are that more stable would be very beneficial in West

In the book, “The face of Decline: The Pennsylvania Anthracite Region in the Twentieth Century”, (2005), discusses different elements towards the economic crisis of the capital and labor, local businesses, redevelopment of agencies, and state and federal governments. Dublin and Licht pounder upon the remarkable range of sources including oral histories, documentary photographs, records of coal companies, and community newspapers. The authors observe the effect of the economic decline across a wide region but mainly focuses on a small group of mining communities in specific regions. Also, the authors place the anthracite region within a broader framework,

A relatively new process for extracting desired shale oil from the bowels of the earth seems to be shaking things up around operation sites. Environmentalists and oil tycoons have been debating for years over the safety of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, since areas with a high concentration of fracking operations have been affected by several environmental problems. Though many scientists argue that correlation does not necessarily mean causation, the media and many environmentalists use these environmental problems around fracking sites as proof of the long term damage fracking causes. Although it has domesticated the oil industry and reduced usage of coal as a fuel source, fracking is undoubtedly related to many detrimental environmental impacts, such as water table pollution and increased seismic activity.

Fracking has actually changed out future as we know it, and has made it possible for many things. Fracking will make the world run on natural fossil fuels for much longer, which is also better for the environment and us. In 2015, the U.S. reached its all time high in oil production in 14 years and is only expected to continually rise. Oil production in the U.S. is one of the main sources of jobs for people living in the U.S. (Nunez, 2013). Fracking is a good way to employ U.S. citizens and is also a good way to get natural ways of oil production. As we all

The debate over fracking cannot simply be limited to the discussion of environmental impact and health concerns. While these subjects are critically important to our future, so is the economic stability of the United States and its energy security that has been a point of major concern for decades. Until recent years, the hydrocarbon industry has been lead by Middle Eastern OPEC nations, and by natural gas production in places like Russia. For the last three consecutive years, the United States has

Refereeing these confrontations is no easy thing, and unlike the “settled science” of climate change and its causes, the science of fracking is far from settled. But a review of the research can help clarify some of the chief points of contention.

I have chosen to selecting Fracking as the subject for our annotated bibliography assignment. I have come to the strongly held belief that this form of energy production is not only necessary from an economic stand point, but also that, if done correctly, it is safe for the environment. This being said, I must admit my depth of knowledge is not at the level I would prefer, and thought the opportunity to better educate myself on the subject would allow me to be more confident in my position, or to rethink it if the evidence compels me.

One of the most highly debated topics in the gas industry is hydraulic fracking. News about it is on the radio, tv and all over the internet. The truth about hydraulic fracking can be hard to find but is imperative to know the truth. The U.S Energy Information Administration estimates that the United States has 2,119 trillion cubic feet of recoverable gas. They predict that 60% of this gas is “unconventional gas” that is stored in low permeability formations such as shale, coalbeds, and tight sands (Jackson, 2011).

Adam Mayer was featured in ScienceDirect with his paper, "Risk And Benefits In A Fracking Boom: Evidence From Colorado”. This article is available through the online source EBSCO and a hardcopy version though The Extractive Industries and Society Journal published by Elsevier Ltd in 2016. While Mayer has no listed qualifications himself, he represents Colorado State University, one of the most influential and environmentally forward universities in our state. Using both primary and secondary sources, Mayer analyzes how hydraulic fracturing has created a boom in production of oil and gas throughout the United States and how Colorado has seen and dealt with the effects more directly. This ScienceDirect paper was written to educate the public